School Information System

Will Flanders:

For years, Wisconsin has held a troubling distinction in American education: the largest racial achievement gap in the nation. On the 2024 fourth-grade reading assessment from the National Assessment of Educational Progress, the gap between white and African American students in Wisconsin was 45 points.

The scale of the disparity has fueled intense debate. Some policymakers argue the gap is primarily the result of systemic racism or unequal school resources. But does the data back up this notion?  Recently, I conducted a deep dive to try and determine what factors are truly driving this gap in the Badger State. 

This new analysis of Wisconsin’s statewide Forward Exam indicates that a significant share of the gap is driven not by racism, but by factors strongly correlated with race: especially poverty, disability status and family stability. This may sound like a distinction without a difference, but in reality it is key for figuring out how best to address the problem.  

Common policy solutions often focus on skin color as the driver of disparities. For instance, when he was state superintendent, now Gov. Tony Evers said that one cause of the racial achievement gap is that too many people who work in schools “look like me.” Current Superintendent Jill Underly has said that “culturally responsive teaching” and diversification of the education workforce are among the keys to addressing the achievement gap.  

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Fast Lane Literacy

1998! Money and school performance.

A.B.T.: “Ain’t been taught.”

3888 (!) Madison 4k to 3rd grade students scored lower than 75% of the students in the national comparison group during the 2024-2025 school year.

Madison taxpayers have long supported far above average (now > $26,000 per student) K-12 tax & spending practices. This, despite long term, disastrous reading results. 

Madison Schools: More $, No Accountability

The taxpayer funded Madison School District long used Reading Recovery…

The data clearly indicate that being able to read is not a requirement for graduation at (Madison) East, especially if you are black or Hispanic”

My Question to Wisconsin Governor Tony Evers on Teacher Mulligans and our Disastrous Reading Results

2017: West High Reading Interventionist Teacher’s Remarks to the School Board on Madison’s Disastrous Reading Results 

Madison’s taxpayer supported K-12 school district, despite spending far more than most, has long tolerated disastrous reading results.

“An emphasis on adult employment”

Wisconsin Public Policy Forum Madison School District Report[PDF]

WEAC: $1.57 million for Four Wisconsin Senators

Friday Afternoon Veto: Governor Evers Rejects AB446/SB454; an effort to address our long term, disastrous reading results

Booked, but can’t read (Madison): functional literacy, National citizenship and the new face of Dred Scott in the age of mass incarceration.

When A Stands for Average: Students at the UW-Madison School of Education Receive Sky-High Grades. How Smart is That?

Legislative Letter to Jill Underly on Wisconsin Literacy.

Dan Rockmore

In his autobiography Charles Darwin recalls intending to study mathematics at Cambridge only to discover that “the work was repugnant to me, chiefly from my not being able to see any meaning in the early steps in algebra” (presumably not helped by the “very dull man” who was his summer tutor). Winston Churchill, too, found mathematics a “heavy journey.” “When I plunged in, I was soon out of my depth,” he writes in My Early Life(1930). “We were arrived in an ‘Alice-in-Wonderland’ world, at the portals of which stood ‘A Quadratic Equation’”—that classic algebraic proving ground—beyond which were “further dim chambers lighted by sullen, sulphurous fires…reputed to contain a dragon called the ‘Differential Calculus.’” He credits a teacher at his boarding school with convincing him that mathematics “was not a hopeless bog of nonsense, and that there were meanings and rhythms behind the comical hieroglyphics; and that I was not incapable of catching glimpses of some of these.”

For many, the mention of algebra summons only unhappy memories of confused encounters with inscrutable equations. Such experiences underscore the challenge Paul Lockhart has posed for himself in TheMending of Broken Bones: A Modern Guide to Classical Algebra, a book that invites the general reader to gain an appreciation of—and perhaps even actively engage with—a centuries-old mathematical practice often called “symbol manipulation.” The title nods to the etymological origin of “algebra,” the Arabic word al-jabr, meaning “completion” or “mending”—as in the setting of broken bones. But Lockhart’s gesture is more than linguistic; he is well aware that there may also be plenty of emotional fractures in need of repair.

Diane Ravitch:

Given the fact that about half the states have now mandated that teachers teach “the science of reading,” it seems to be a good time to repost what I wrote on November 1, 2023. 

Some things never change. 

I wrote: 

One of my grandsons sent me an article about the national rush to mandate “the science of reading,” and it caused me to explain briefly (without boring him) the background of the latest panacea.

I didn’t tell him the history of the “reading wars,” which I researched and wrote about in Left Back (2000). I didn’t tell him that reading instruction has swung back and forth between the phonetic method and the “whole word” method since the introduction of public schooling in the first quarter of the 19th century. Horace Mann opposed phonics. But the popular McGuffey readers of that century were phonetic and included examples of good literature.

In 1930, the Dick-and-Jane readers were introduced, and they swept the country. Unlike the McGuffey readers, they featured pictures of children (white and suburban), they used simple words that could be easily recognized, and they were bright and colorful. By the 1950s, Dick and Jane style readers were used in about 80% of American schools. They relied on the whole word method, also known as look-say. 

In 1955, this national consensus was disrupted by the publication of Rudolf Flesch’s wildly popular book, Why Johnny Can’t Read, which castigated the look-say method and urged a revival of phonics. The fervor for phonics then is similar to the fervor now. 

But the debate about which method was best quickly became politicized. “Bring back phonics” was the battle cry of very conservative groups, who lambasted the whole-word method as the conspiratorial work of liberal elites. Phonics thus was unfairly tarnished as a rightwing cause.

Frederick Hess

Paul Banksley argues for the freedom to paint in shades of pastel possibility

“Sometimes I’m not sure you understand educational innovation,” he began. “We inhabit an aspirational praxis, one where we envision transformational potentialities and nurture them via a deep-seated, future-facing belief in the urgency of now. That requires language that summons untapped opportunities to unlock crucial philanthropic support.”

“I see,” I said. Though I’m afraid I didn’t. Not really.

“We can’t do that while hewing to narrow, pedantic, legalistic notions of demonstrable truth. Don’t you see? We deal not in likelihoods but in the exploration of wondrous, untrodden paths of progress!”

“Oh, I get it! I exclaimed. “You need to be able to prevaricate and exaggerate.”

He sighed wearily. Guess I still didn’t get it. “Look, we need to be free to paint in shades of pastel possibility,” he said. “Just because a program hasn’t worked in the past and doesn’t work today doesn’t mean it won’t work in the future. Take 22nd Century Skills. Can we technically ‘demonstrate’ or ‘prove’ that they lead to better academic outcomes? Well, no, not as such.”

He paused.

“But we can make the case,” Banksley continued, “that there are hints that some applications of our core intuitions may lead to an exciting array of innovative practices with regards to emotive and equitable benchmarks. And this, of course—supported by best practices, AI-infused classrooms, and added investment—is the way to usher in a future of personalized, permissionless educational transformation.”

Alex Tabarrok: 

The annual Public Choice Outreach Conference is a crash course in public choice. The conference is designed for undergraduates and graduates in a wide variety of fields. It’s entirely free. Indeed scholarships are available! The conference will be held Friday June12- Sunday June 14 , near Washington, DC in Reston, VA. Lots of great speakers including Tyler, myself, Bryan Caplan, Robin Hanson, Jon Klick, Shruti Rajagopalan and more.

Sara Nomani

The hidden $250K machine of 9 paid vendors behind the ‘flagship’ #NoKings protest in St. Paul, Minnesota

I followed the money behind the No Kings protest in St. Paul, Minn., and uncovered an estimated $250,000 paid to 9 vendors to produce an event that was about the size of a Def Leppard concert.

Sources said that the Democratic nonprofit Indivisible paid the bill. It didn’t respond to numerous requests for comment.

How did I piece this together?

Well, I have a rule when reporting on the protest industry: be the first there and one of the last to leave.

That’s how I met Slamhammer Sound & Roadcase Co. production manager Matt Svobodny, one of the very nice hard-working members of the production crew behind the scenes in St. Paul, as they were breaking down the set for the No Kings protest, long after Bruce Springsteen and most of the anti-Trump protesters had left.

He was straightforward, candid and matter-of-fact about what it takes to throw a protest and, a few days later, guided me — and you — through the warehouse where Slamhammer stores the equipment it pulled out for the protest.

He provided the kind of transparency that the secretive nonprofits behind the protests should actually be providing to citizens and the media.

—-

More:

NoKings flagship event,” in a post on LinkedIn after the protest. He takes credit on LinkedIn for developing the “thematic strategies and program frameworks” for No

Kyle Koenen:

• 61% think it’s under $15k per student
• Nearly half think it’s under $10k

Reality: ~$17,900 (Madison > $26,000)

If people don’t know how much we’re spending, it becomes difficult to determine the “right” amount of spending on schools. 🧵/2

WILL:

Parents Are Unaware of Current School Spending: 44% of parents surveyed say they are “not sure” how much is spent on each student. Another 43% provide estimates below actual spending figures. When informed of the actual amount, the majority say it is “just right” or “too much.” Only 27% say “too little.” This statistic drives the need for further transparency when it comes to school spending.

Parents Broadly Support Education Choice Policies: Large majorities of parents support policies like open enrollment (80%), education savings accounts (77%), and school vouchers (64%).

Education Options: Wisconsin is above the national average in parents feeling they have a choice in where their child attends school. However, 29% of parents say “no” or are unsure whether they have a meaningful choice—a significant portion of families who may not be aware of available options. Access to education options was a bright spot in Wisconsin’s survey data.

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Fast Lane Literacy

1998! Money and school performance.

A.B.T.: “Ain’t been taught.”

3888 (!) Madison 4k to 3rd grade students scored lower than 75% of the students in the national comparison group during the 2024-2025 school year.

Madison taxpayers have long supported far above average (now > $26,000 per student) K-12 tax & spending practices. This, despite long term, disastrous reading results. 

Madison Schools: More $, No Accountability

The taxpayer funded Madison School District long used Reading Recovery…

The data clearly indicate that being able to read is not a requirement for graduation at (Madison) East, especially if you are black or Hispanic”

My Question to Wisconsin Governor Tony Evers on Teacher Mulligans and our Disastrous Reading Results

2017: West High Reading Interventionist Teacher’s Remarks to the School Board on Madison’s Disastrous Reading Results 

Madison’s taxpayer supported K-12 school district, despite spending far more than most, has long tolerated disastrous reading results.

“An emphasis on adult employment”

Wisconsin Public Policy Forum Madison School District Report[PDF]

WEAC: $1.57 million for Four Wisconsin Senators

Friday Afternoon Veto: Governor Evers Rejects AB446/SB454; an effort to address our long term, disastrous reading results

Booked, but can’t read (Madison): functional literacy, National citizenship and the new face of Dred Scott in the age of mass incarceration.

When A Stands for Average: Students at the UW-Madison School of Education Receive Sky-High Grades. How Smart is That?

Legislative Letter to Jill Underly on Wisconsin Literacy.

Robert McMillan:

These “res proxy” companies rent out access to internet connections on the devices to customers who want to look like they’re surfing the internet from a genuine home address.

That kind of access is useful for people who want privacy or for companies that want to masquerade as regular people to test out internet features for particular regions or scrape the web for data (say, a shopping price-comparison site). AI companies use the networks to get around blocks on automated traffic so they can gather large amounts of data to train their models.

Then there are the customers who want to hide their identity while engaging in ticket scalping, bank fraud, bomb threats, stalking, child exploitation, hacking or espionage.

Some device owners willingly sign up to be on these networks so they can make a few dollars a month, but most have no idea they’re connected to one.

Will Flanders:

A new lawsuit has challenged the constitutionality of Wisconsin’s public school finance system, with plaintiffs arguing that inadequate state funding denies students a “sound basic education.”

The case threatens the entire current state education funding system, with implications extending beyond traditional public school funding to include school choice programs. While the complaint alleges underfunding, revenue constraints, and the diversion of education dollars to other programs, the evidence simply doesn’t support these claims. Indeed, overall education spending in Wisconsin remains near historic highs and better outcomes are not strongly correlated with increased spending alone. In this paper, we analyze the claims of the plaintiffs and present a broader picture of the state of school funding in Wisconsin.

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Fast Lane Literacy

1998! Money and school performance.

A.B.T.: “Ain’t been taught.”

3888 (!) Madison 4k to 3rd grade students scored lower than 75% of the students in the national comparison group during the 2024-2025 school year.

Madison taxpayers have long supported far above average (now > $26,000 per student) K-12 tax & spending practices. This, despite long term, disastrous reading results. 

Madison Schools: More $, No Accountability

The taxpayer funded Madison School District long used Reading Recovery…

The data clearly indicate that being able to read is not a requirement for graduation at (Madison) East, especially if you are black or Hispanic”

My Question to Wisconsin Governor Tony Evers on Teacher Mulligans and our Disastrous Reading Results

2017: West High Reading Interventionist Teacher’s Remarks to the School Board on Madison’s Disastrous Reading Results 

Madison’s taxpayer supported K-12 school district, despite spending far more than most, has long tolerated disastrous reading results.

“An emphasis on adult employment”

Wisconsin Public Policy Forum Madison School District Report[PDF]

WEAC: $1.57 million for Four Wisconsin Senators

Friday Afternoon Veto: Governor Evers Rejects AB446/SB454; an effort to address our long term, disastrous reading results

Booked, but can’t read (Madison): functional literacy, National citizenship and the new face of Dred Scott in the age of mass incarceration.

When A Stands for Average: Students at the UW-Madison School of Education Receive Sky-High Grades. How Smart is That?

Legislative Letter to Jill Underly on Wisconsin Literacy.

William Andrekopoulos:

Milwaukee Public Schools (MPS) is currently facing a financial crisis. Superintendent Brenda Cassellius is an innovative, experienced leader whose heart is focused on the children. As she explores every avenue to restore financial stability, the community, the board, and the Milwaukee Teachers’ Education Association (MTEA) must support her vision.

However, MPS is ignoring a massive, ongoing revenue loss: the systematic push of successful public school students out of the district.

To understand this, we must look at the math. For every student attending an MPS non-instrumentality charter (NIC) — public school like Carmen, Hmong American Peace Academy (HAPA), or Milwaukee College Prep (MCP) that are publicly funded but use non-district staff—the district acts as the fiscal agent and counts them for enrollment. Based on the Wisconsin Policy Forum’s2026 MPS Budget Brief, the math is undeniable:

• Core State & Local Revenue: MPS receives $16,774 per pupil.
• The Charter Payment: MPS passes along a contracted rate of $12,369 per pupil, as documented in the DPI 2025-26 Independent Charter Payment Letter.
• The “Retention”: MPS keeps $4,405 per pupil.

This $4,405 is the district’s most efficient revenue stream, supporting central office services and overhead without MPS having to manage a single classroom. Yet, the Board is alienating the very schools that generate this surplus.

Seattle Times:

He said he’d be able to cut SPS’ $100 million budget deficit in half before the start of the next school year, no sweat. And a good portion of the belt-tightening, he promised, will be focused on reducing redundancies among the 800 staff at central office, which he characterized as a “Wild West” of cronyism.

“We’re here for the kids. This is not a jobs program,” he said. “Big change.”

This is a man unafraid to say the quiet parts out loud. His Sunday night emails have become a must-read. In the March 29 edition, he decried some of the district’s processes as a “byzantine and Kafkaesque nightmare.” He called out “the ‘soft bigotry of low expectations’ pervading some places, especially around our BIPOC and multilingual students,” and criticized SPS for “Accepting and excusing low performance rather than owning it.”

No Seattle superintendent in memory has said anything remotely so pointed.

It’s refreshing. But some educators have taken offense. At last week’s community meeting in West Seattle, a teacher at Denny Middle School stood up and told Shuldiner it was irresponsible for a white male to make such public statements without offering data to back them up.

Later, she acknowledged, “I’m not saying it isn’t true.”

A teacher knows the numbers as well as anyone: Kids of color don’t do well in Seattle schools. The gaps between white and Black students in discipline rates, test scores and gifted education have long been among the widestof any urban district in the country.

Thomas Savidge:

At its core, Chicago’s fiscal problems are straightforward. For decades, the city has committed itself to unsustainable spending levels. While its ridership is declining, the Chicago Transit Authority (CTA) is flush with funds thanks to sales tax and driver fees. Chicago Public Schools (CPS) expenditures keep growing despite declining student enrollment. In addition to structural budget deficits, Chicago has some of the nation’s largest unfunded pension liabilities.

Meantime, residents are fleeing both Chicago and the State of Illinois. In the year ending last July 1, Illinois lost over 40,000 residents, many from Chicago and the surrounding suburbs. The Chicagoland area lost more than 35,000 residents either to other counties in Illinois or to other states. Despite an influx of 44,000 international migrants, blunting the effect of net domestic outmigration, government officials can’t conceal the city’s fiscal irresponsibility.

Residents, bond investors, and credit rating agencies see the writing on the wall: the Windy City is headed over the fiscal cliff. Chicago’s credit ratings have been downgraded to BBB+, with rating agencies citing fiscal issues. While Illinois has enjoyed credit-rating upgrades in recent years (thanks to support from federal Covid-19 funds set to expire this year), Illinois still remains the worst-rated state.

It’s worth considering Illinois and Chicago’s financial predicament in a larger context. Detroit’s 2013 bankruptcy is often compared with Chicago’s fiscal crisis since the Motor City suffered from similar problems: massive unfunded pension liabilities, budget shortfalls, and rampant corruption. But at the time of Detroit’s bankruptcy, Michigan was in far better fiscal shape than Illinois is now. Pension reforms in the late 1990s improved Michigan’s solvency, leaving it better positioned (both before and after the Great Recession) than if the reforms had not been made.

Link:

The Restoring the West Manifesto

I spent the first part of my life living under oppression. I know what it means to be silenced, to have your freedom stolen, to watch a civilization reject the very values that make human flourishing possible.

I also know what it means to be free. And I know that freedom is not inevitable — it must be defended, understood, and taught anew to every generation.

Glen O’Hara

The dire state of British universities’ finances needs no rehearsal. As families start to book open days for undergraduate courses over the next few months, and would-be students study to hit the grades in their offer, they can be forgiven for wondering if the institutions where they want to study will still be viable over the next few years.

In response to their financial woes, universities across the UK are throwing overboard everything that isn’t nailed down, just to stay afloat. Courses are cancelled, teaching and research staff laid off, entire departments culled. But how has it come to this? Obviously money is at the heart of that question, but so is the rise of very powerful management consultants now shaping the UK’s higher education system.

Although precise data is hard to come by, it’s accepted in the sector that spending on consultancy is rising rapidly, and will continue to do so. Universities have spent millions “reorganising”, throwing money at external advice that proves pretty controversial once published. 

Jammles:

In 2019, the board did not ask for a neutral cleanup of old standards.

It called for revised standards that would be ‘culturally inclusive and anti-racist,’ strengthen democratic principles and values, and promote civic engagement.

This is the bridge: they say the old standards are overdue, but the real question becomes who they brought in to rewrite them this time.

Jemima Kelly:

“Father forgive them, for they know not what they do.” These words, spoken by Jesus on the cross at Calvary, according to the Gospel of St Luke, constitute the apotheosis of one of the most important virtues in Christianity. 

At the time of his greatest suffering and as his mortal life was about to end, Jesus was asking God to show love and mercy towards those who had wrongfully condemned him to his imminent death. This courageous act of forgiveness, as all good Christians know, is one of Easter’s central messages. The sinless Jesus died on the cross in order to redeem all of us mortal sinners, so that we may be forgiven by God. 

Indeed, forgiveness is a key theme throughout the New Testament, and thus forms an important part of what it means to be a Christian (and to be a follower of many other major religions, too). During the Sermon on the Mount, Jesus encouraged his followers to not only love their enemies as they would love their friends, but to pray for those who might persecute them. In the Lord’s Prayer, Christians ask God to “forgive us our trespasses as we forgive those who trespass against us”, connecting divine forgiveness of us imperfect humans with our own commitment to forgive others. 

NYT Link:

Amanda Lynn Tully spent her teenage years as a ward of the State of Colorado and believed a college degree was her ticket to a better life.

So, when she graduated in 2017 with a master’s degree in historic preservation from the University of Oregon, $65,000 in federal student loans and no job offers in the conservation field, she felt misled.

“I was never financially stable because I was never taught to be financially stable,” Ms. Tully, 37, said.

Less than a year after graduating, Ms. Tully made a drastic decision: She moved to Prague, where she had completed an internship, and defaulted on her loans. She hasn’t made a payment in over seven years.

More than 40 million borrowers are saddled with federal student debt, and a record number — 7.7 million — have defaulted on their loans, according to recently released data from the Education Department.

For some borrowers, moving abroad and out of reach of debt collectors can be tempting. In interviews, people who made this decision cited relieving the psychological burden of student debt as a motivator, as well as having a higher quality of life, even on a lower salary, outside the United States. Many who fled abroad, including Ms. Tully, said they had no plans of ever returning.

Scott Johnson:

If the facts don’t fit, you must omit (“you” in this case being the Star Tribune). Take, for example, my close encounter with Star Tribune reporter Paul Walsh in connection with the story Walsh reported on May 5, 2025. Walsh is described as a breaking news reporter who, according to Walsh himself, “writes what’s interesting and important, with interesting being his preference.” In his May 5 story Walsh noted the filing of felony charges against one German Adriano Llangari Inga.

Walsh reported that, according to the charges, in August 2024 Llangari Inga (“of Minneapolis”) was driving drunk, unlicensed, and uninsured when he caused a head-on crash that killed the other driver. It was his second crash of the evening. This one killed Victoria Eileen Harwell, who was traveling with her sister and her 14-year-old daughter.

I emailed Walsh a question regarding Llangari Inga shortly after the Star Tribune posted his story online:

Dear Mr. Walsh: Can you ascertain whether this man was a legal resident of the United States?

Scott Johnson

Walsh promptly responded:

Officials have yet to say. Why do you ask?

Okay. I had some idea where Walsh was headed. I was feeling a little defensive. I shouldn’t have dragged my wife into this. I’m not proud of it! I have apologized to her:

Roshan Fernandez

CAMBRIDGE, Mass.—For years, Harvard has been handing out A’s in abundance. Now, a proposed cap would pump the brakes—and students are up in arms. 

Harvard’s faculty is set to vote next week on a proposal to cap the number of A’s per course, which now comprise more than half of undergraduate grades after years of inflation. The plan also suggests getting rid of GPA as an internal metric, instead using percentile rank to calculate honors like cum laude recognition.

Corin Hoggard

The Brief

• • Minnesota’s high school graduation rates have reached a record high, with nearly 85% finishing in four years.
  • Some experts question if diplomas reflect real skills, as test scores have not kept pace.
  • Educators say students still must earn diplomas, but the pandemic and other disruptions may affect future results.

More.

Yet –
Only 26% meet minimum science score
Only 45% meet minimum math
Only 49% meet minimum reading
ACT Scores – down since 2022
SAT Score – down since 2021

Michael T. Nietzel

Whether because of financial difficulties, sagging enrollments or a desire to align their curricula with shifting student demands, more colleges and universities are purging academic programs, with those in the humanities and arts often the hardest hit. 

The past few days have seen the large-scale closure or sunsetting of hundreds of academic programs at the public universities in Indiana, and yesterday Syracuse university announced it would consolidate, end, or pause almost 100 of its undergraduate and graduate programs. Those announcements add to the almost weekly news of another college or university eliminating large numbers of academic degree programs. 

Indiana’s Statewide Review

On April 1, the Indiana Commission for Higher Educationconcluded a review of degree programs in cooperation with all of its state institutions. Of the approximately 2,300 degree programs offered by those institutions, more than 1,000 fell below the following statutory thresholds, based on a rolling three-year average:

• 10 graduates for an associate degree
• 15 graduates for a bachelor’s degree
• 7 graduates for a master’s degree
• 3 graduates for an educational specialist degree or a doctorate

Collectively, the 1,000 flagged degree programs served about 4% of all Indiana public higher education graduates. A complete list of the affected programs can be found here.

Nick Vido;

The entire United States Code — every title, chapter, and section — stored as Markdown in a Git repository. Each commit represents a point-in-time snapshot of federal law, with git diff revealing exactly what changed between enactments.

Why?

Laws change. Understanding what changed and when has historically required navigating dense legal databases or reading legislative summaries written by someone else. Git solves this naturally:

Wall Street Journal:

Medical schools were told that their curriculum should include content about “the diverse manner in which people perceive health and illness” and the “basic principles of culturally competent healthcare.”

This sounds nice, but it is really a call to treat people of different races differently, and not only for appropriate medical reasons such as the prevalence of sickle-cell disease. A doctor’s professional responsibility should be to apply medical knowledge to treat all patients equally regardless of race. Instead, medical students have been required to spend hours on “antiracist” protocols that amount to indoctrination in identity politics rather than building medical expertise.

The new standards instead encourage “practice-based learning and improvement,” emphasizing that medical school faculty should help students acquire “skills of self-directed learning, including the ability to self-identify critical gaps in knowledge or understanding and to find . . . relevant information to fill those gaps.” That’s a real improvement.

By Theodore Schleifer and Steven Rich

….wealthy Democrats, many of whom are seeking anonymity to avoid reprisals from President Trump, even as they donate tens of millions of dollars at a time to defeat Republican candidates. In the 2024 election cycle, over 40 percent of the nearly $2 billion raised by the largest Democratic super PACs came from entities that did not disclose their donors, according to the Times analysis. That was twice the rate of the largest Republican super PACs that cycle. Alexandra Acker-Lyons, an adviser to several prominent progressive donors, said that liberals had to use everything in the campaign finance arsenal to fight Mr. Trump. ‘When we get power, we can change all of the rules so that everyone plays nice,’ Ms. Acker-Lyons said. ‘But until we have power, we can’t do that.'”

Kenneth A. Shores, Hojung Lee

This chapter provides an overview of K-12 public school finance in the United States by tracing how funding systems changed over time, how they operate today, and how well they advance core policy goals.

Section 2 documents the long-run shift from local property tax finance toward larger state and federal roles, driven by economic crises, legislation, and litigation. Section 3 describes the contemporary funding system, including the distinct roles of state, local, federal, and non-governmental revenues. Section 4 explains the core functions of state finance formulas, focusing on adequacy baselines, required local effort, and incentives for additional local spending. Section 5 reviews the school finance reform movement, showing how litigation moved from equal protection to equity and then to adequacy, with contemporary examples from Washington, California, and Tennessee. Section 6 evaluates school finance in terms of efficiency and equity, reviewing evidence that additional revenues improve achievement and long-run outcomes, generate broader social benefits, affect housing markets, and remain unevenly distributed across places and student groups.

more.

Boston Globe:

Those middle-schoolers are then more likely to go to private schools that don’t face the same issue, prioritizing a place where they can play right away. Balter noted that 17 of 45 middle school youth players in town are already at a private school.

Balter acknowledged there are downsides, including socialization and transportation issues for middle-schoolers. At the same time, he believes there should be more consistency so every school has the same rules in place .

“It’s this cascading effect that happens, and that’s where we are now,” Balter said. “For us to build it back up, it would be great to be able to combine the younger kids into this somehow. I’m not saying this is some simple snap your fingers, but I think this should be relooked at all over again. Where can we come out on it?”

Wellesley athletic director John Brown believes COVID has had a ripple effect that is showing itself more than ever. While passionate lacrosse players continued to play the sport during the pandemic, others decided to stop; those who did so casually in fifth grade are now 10th-graders who have no desire to return.

Sophia Cope:

In practical terms, this TFR means that anyone flying their drone within a half mile of an ICE or CBP agent’s car (a DHS “mobile asset”) is liable to face criminal charges and have their drone shot down. The practical unfairness of this TFR is underscored by the fact that immigration agents often use unmarked rental cars, use cars without license plates, or switch the license plates of their cars to carry out their operations. Nor do they provide prior warning of those operations.

The TFR is an Unconstitutional Infringement of Free Speech

While the FAA asserts that the TFR is grounded in its lawful authority, the flight restriction not only violates multiple constitutional rights, but also the agency’s own regulations.

First Amendment violation. As we highlighted in the letter, nearly every federal appeals court has recognized the First Amendment right of Americans to record law enforcement officers performing their official duties. By subjecting drone operators to criminal and civil penalties, along with the potential destruction or seizure of their drone, the TFR punishes—without the required justifications—lawful recording of law enforcement officers, including immigration agents.  

Fifth Amendment violation. The Fifth Amendment guarantees the right to due process, which includes being given fair notice before being deprived of liberty or property by the government. Under the flight restriction, advanced notice isn’t even possible. As discussed above, drone operators can’t know whether they are within 3000 horizontal feet of unmarked DHS vehicles. Yet the TFR allows the government to capture or even shoot down a drone if it flies within the TFR radius, and to impose criminal and civil penalties on the operator.

Samuel Hammond:

Anecdotally, I suspect the spread of Potemkin civil society is the flip side of America’s overproduction of college-educated knowledge workers: if you’re unable to cut it at McKinsey, a nonprofit job is a good deal, providing lower but stable pay in exchange for social prestige. Of course, as a collective action problem, the advocacy arms race could easily be forestalled by amending nonprofit law or the U.S. tax code. But who would fund that white paper? The endogeneity of U.S. policymaking to organizations dependent on private philanthropy makes reforms aimed at reining in the sector nearly impossible to imagine. As a result, nonprofits and foundations remain deeply undertheorized compared to, say, corporate governance or public administration.

Ultimately, the size and scope of America’s nonprofit sector is powered by generous charitable deductions, an unusually progressive income tax, lax rules and oversight, the depth of U.S. capital markets which create windfalls that must be quickly dispersed to hit payout thresholds, and a large ecosystem of private foundations, trusts, and endowments. In 2016, 1.44% of U.S. GDP was donated to nonprofit organizations, more than any other country and nearly twice as much as New Zealand, the runner up. An incredible 38 of the 54 largest private foundations in the world by endowment value are based in the U.S., while Canada has only one. Simply put, the scale of U.S. private philanthropy is unlike anything in the world.

Separate from its ideological composition, the peculiar power of American philanthropy likely weakens U.S. state capacity, creating intrinsic barriers to the left’s vision of social democracy. Sweden and Norway, for example, have some of the lowest rates of nonprofit employment in Europe, rivaled only by former communist countries. Yet they also have some of the highest rates of social capital. The secret seems to be Scandinavia’s rich history of mutual aid, which culminated in universal, publicly administered social programs that crowded out the need for third-party providers, combined with sector-wide collective bargaining agreements that reduced the need for “advocacy without representation.” It’s a legacy that’s recently begun to reverse under what most leftist sociologists would recognize as the dreaded influence of neoliberalism.

By Will Solfiac

Our managerial elite will go the way of the Mamluks, the Polish-Lithuania Commonwealth and the Moriori 

One of the most bizarre characteristics of those who struggle to maintain what’s left of the liberal international order is their refusal to accept reforms that might head off its destruction. It’s not hyperbole to say that the entire rise of what is termed “right-wing populism” by its opponents stems from the unwillingness of mainstream political parties to control immigration. Considering that the continued growth of right-wing populism makes the position of the old liberal consensus ever more precarious, you’d think the latter’s defenders would have decided to compromise. Mostly, they have not.

And they could have; the forms of immigration that voters most strongly object to are also those which have the fewest practical benefits. If mainstream political parties had managed to shut down the fraudulent asylum system, enabled deportation of foreign criminals, and heavily restricted flows from countries where immigrants are particularly likely to be net drains on the state or to cause social problems, this would have taken a lot of the wind out of the sails of right-wing populist parties. Yet with the partial exception of Denmark, mainstream parties have been unwilling to do this. Currently, Shabana Mahmood is attempting to save Labour from electoral extinction by adopting aspects of the Danish model, but is being met with vociferous opposition from within her own party.

The reason for this unwillingness is, of course, ideology. It’s obvious that the asylum system functions primarily as a way for young men, and later on their families, to bypass formal immigration routes and achieve settlement in Britain. It’s also obvious that a disproportionate amount of the problems of immigration in general come from a few parts of the world. Yet maintaining the universalist, human-rights based legal infrastructure constructed after the Second World War takes priority over addressing these issues. The fact that this infrastructure was created for an entirely different world, where there was much less international migration, and where “asylum seeker” meant a political dissident from the Eastern Bloc, does not matter. The system’s advocates seem to live in a world made up of rhetoric, where principles take precedence over reality.

Juliet Samuel

I bring it up because Labour, already exhausted, is rattling around in the back of the broom cupboard for the old biscuit tin labelled “closer ties with Europe”. We are told that its “youth mobility scheme” (free movement, but just for “youth”) will be controlled by an “emergency brake”. Rachel Reeves wants “closer alignment”. And Sir Keir Starmer is preparing his big “reset” summit next month.

A decade ago, stay or leave was the first big call I had to make as a columnist. I had just joined The Daily Telegraph and the careerist thing to do was to side with the paper’s readers and editorial line in voting out. But I had spent six years covering different parts of the corporate world and I didn’t see much hunger for an entrepreneurial restart of the British state from businesses I wrote about. Some finance types privately admitted that their “heart said out” but their “head said stay”.

They were all morbidly afraid of losing political access in Brussels, where Treasury officials tied everyone up in knots, supposedly in the national interest. I sat through an enactment of Brexit negotiations and concluded the EU would, to use the technical term, absolutely screw us. And there was a feeling of cultural affinity with European friends. So I opted for Remain. But I now think it was the wrong call.

I am sure that sounds deeply weird to most people. Even Brexit’s most ardent supporters wince when asked what it has achieved. But since 2016, Britain’s troubles have vindicated the essential argument: that autonomy and manoeuvrability matter more than scale or legal practice. Large economic zones or political configurations are neither inherently safer nor riche

#rin Gretzinger and Danielle DuClos:

Online court records show Goldman posted $5,000 for bail and his next court date is May 11. Goldman’s attorney didn’t respond to requests for comment.

The school district placed Goldman on leave and is conducting an internal investigation. In a statement, the district didn’t indicate whether Goldman was on leave with or without pay.

The state Department of Public Instruction, which licenses teachers, is also investigating Goldman, according to online licensing records.

The recent Cap Times investigation examined a prior case in the Madison school district involving David Kruchten, an East High School teacher now serving 12 years in prison after recording students with hidden cameras. Three students who were a part of a lawsuit against the district told the Cap Times that Madison schools had failed to protect them from being groomed by Kruchten.

More than five years after Kruchten’s arrest, the Cap Times found the district lacked policies:

Sabine Martin:

In a March meeting with Rothman, Regents President Amy Bogost and Vice President Kyle Weatherly disclosed that an “unidentified majority of the Board of Regents had lost confidence in my leadership,” Rothman wrote in a March 26 letter to Bogost.

Rothman said the request surprised him because of “all that my team and I along with our universities have accomplished to move the Universities of Wisconsin forward.”

Article: 5 things to know about UW system President

Bogost and Weatherly gave him three options: announce his retirement for the end of 2026, resign with 120 days’ notice, or be fired, Rothman wrote.

——-

Under Rothman’s leadership, the UW system tightened teaching requirements for professors and redesigned general education courses to make it easier to transfer between schools.

The policies are a result of the state’s biennial budget negotiations, settled in July, which yielded a $256 million increase for the UW system but also mandated reforms.

During the fall semester, faculty across the UW system protested the teaching requirements, saying they threaten campus autonomy.

Faculty Senate bodies at more than half of the campuses voted against the measure, and a petition with hundreds of signatures circulated, saying the UW system’s policy, based on the law, overstepped its bounds.

——-

Scott Manley:

The Evers Board of Regents: if you successfully negotiate huge increases in funding and campus buildings for UW in exchange for viewpoint diversity, DEI reforms, and requirements that professors actually teach, we will fire you.

———-

Dave Cieslewicz:

In fact, the need for reform was underscored later when it was revealed, thanks to an audit demanded by Vos, that the Madison campus’ DEI programs had been wildly mismanaged.

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more.

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Tristar Daily:

Key Findings from the Interim Report

– Deficiencies and Observations: Nearly 175 deficiencies were identified across various sections of the report, indicating systemic issues.

– Financial Mismanagement: 

  – Disbursements: $1,145,909.97 flagged as waste or abuse, with about $1,112,750 linked to contract-related spending.

    – Issues included inadequate oversight, unsupported or duplicative billings, and activity outside procurement controls.

  – Payroll Issues: Approximately $33,159.97 in payroll-related transactions, including unsupported vacation payouts, were also noted.

– Policy Violations: An additional $1,729,522.81 in transactions violated district policies but did not reach the level of waste or abuse. These included improperly documented areas such as P-cards and travel reimbursements.

– Internal Control Failures: 

  – Significant failures in record-keeping, such as the inability to provide employment verification records for 100 out of 250 sampled employees.

  – Poorly maintained employee records and fragmented information systems have hindered audit processes.

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Fast Lane Literacy

1998! Money and school performance.

A.B.T.: “Ain’t been taught.”

3888 (!) Madison 4k to 3rd grade students scored lower than 75% of the students in the national comparison group during the 2024-2025 school year.

Madison taxpayers have long supported far above average (now > $26,000 per student) K-12 tax & spending practices. This, despite long term, disastrous reading results. 

Madison Schools: More $, No Accountability

The taxpayer funded Madison School District long used Reading Recovery…

The data clearly indicate that being able to read is not a requirement for graduation at (Madison) East, especially if you are black or Hispanic”

My Question to Wisconsin Governor Tony Evers on Teacher Mulligans and our Disastrous Reading Results

2017: West High Reading Interventionist Teacher’s Remarks to the School Board on Madison’s Disastrous Reading Results 

Madison’s taxpayer supported K-12 school district, despite spending far more than most, has long tolerated disastrous reading results.

“An emphasis on adult employment”

Wisconsin Public Policy Forum Madison School District Report[PDF]

WEAC: $1.57 million for Four Wisconsin Senators

Friday Afternoon Veto: Governor Evers Rejects AB446/SB454; an effort to address our long term, disastrous reading results

Booked, but can’t read (Madison): functional literacy, National citizenship and the new face of Dred Scott in the age of mass incarceration.

When A Stands for Average: Students at the UW-Madison School of Education Receive Sky-High Grades. How Smart is That?

Legislative Letter to Jill Underly on Wisconsin Literacy.

Scott Manley:

In reality, we are funding students at a level twice as much as we were in 2000 – about $18,592  per student each year. That’s more than fifty percent higher than the tuition to attend UW-Madison this year. If we can give a world-class college education to UW students for $12,186,  how is $18,592 not enough for K-12 students?

Even accounting for inflation, per-pupil funding has increased since 2000. So, while the  Democrats like to plead poverty for schools, student funding is at an all-time high.

The fact of the matter is that Wisconsin doesn’t have a problem with the amount of money spent on education; we have a problem with how that money is spent. The chart below shows public school student enrollment, teacher staffing levels, and non-teacher staffing levels for the last twenty years – and reveals the spending problem in stark terms.

Reid J. Epstein, Shane Goldmacher:

Federal election law prohibits foreign citizens or people who are not permanent residents from donating directly to federal candidates or political action committees. Lying to or obstructing Congress is a crime.

The memos instigated a meltdown at the highest levels of ActBlue, one of the Democratic Party’s most vital financial organs.

Steven Ertelt:

The dismissal fulfills the terms of a January 2025 settlement in which California dropped all chargesagainst Daleiden and undercover reporter Sandra Merritt. The agreement required no jail time, no fines, no admission of wrongdoing and no probation.

In exchange, the pair entered a “no contest” plea to a single misdemeanor video-recording charge, which was to be entered as a judgment in six to 12 months, then converted to a “not guilty” plea, dismissed and expunged.

Seven of the original 14 charges had previously been dismissed for lack of probable cause.

The prosecution began under then-California Attorney General Kamala Harris after Daleiden’s 2015 videos were released. In the January 2025 statement marking the initial settlement, Daleiden described the case as political lawfare.

“After enduring 9 years of weaponized political prosecution, putting an end to the lawfare launched by Kamala Harris is a huge victory for my investigative reporting and for the public’s right to know the truth about Planned Parenthood’s sale of aborted baby body parts. Now we all must get to work to protect families and infants from the criminal abortion-industrial complex,” he said.

Defense attorney Steve Cooley, former Los Angeles County District Attorney, sharply criticized the long-running effort.

“In my 5 decades as an attorney, 40 years of which were as a prosecutor, I have never seen such a blatant exercise of selective investigation and vindictive prosecution. The California Attorneys General who initiated this case and pursued it for nearly 10 years should be ashamed for weaponizing their office to pursue people who were merely exposing illegality associated with the harvesting and sale of fetal body parts,” Cooley said.

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Choose life.

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James O’Keefe:

It took 11 years defending himself over one story. This is what they do to people who hold them accountable.

Nobody is held accountable because the people who have the power to do so are afraid of the retaliation. But David is different. His love of truth was greater than his regard for himself.

——-

When I first heard about the baby parts scandal I thought it was clearly outrageous conservative propaganda. Then I saw how Planned Parenthood behaved in the gender years and I thought “hang on. Was that story true?”

——

It was true.

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Russell Brand:

I didn’t know that aborted human body parts are sold by abortion clinics for profit.

No wonder the journalist who exposed it was hounded by the state.

Jonathan Turley:

Many in education have long pushed equity cards and “identity markers” to get students to define themselves by their race, disability, gender, or other criteria. Even computer science teachers are told to tailor their lessons to identity markers. Such markers are treated as essential to creating “Identity safe classrooms.”

There are even DEI games where children are encouraged to “match” their identity groups.

At the NDP convention, people were given equity cards to give preference to certain identities over groups such as males or whites. The problem is that the cards create an entitlement that can clash with others’ claims to speak first.

The cards were based on identity categories, including gender, race and ethnicity, LGBTQ+ status, and Indigenous status. You were supposed to be able to jump ahead of others because of your priority identity.

One video shows a person holding up their green gender equity card to claim the right to speak first as another woman waves her pink race equity card to speak. What followed were objections to people not yielding to those with greater priority or right to speak with one noting that cards for people who identify as Black women “have no value outside of this space.”

Steven Yoder:

In April 2024, New York Gov. Kathy Hochul made a bold promise: The state would revamp its approach to literacy and boost state reading scores by double digits. “We’re turning the page on how we teach students how to read,” she said in front of a first grade class in Albany. The state would raise the share of third graders reading proficiently from 45 percent to 60 percent or higher, she said. 

She’d just signed budget legislation, branded “Back to Basics,” that was supposed to ensure that every school district adopts a strategy of teaching dubbed the “science of reading.” The approach reflects decades of research showing that, among other things, children learn best when they’re explicitly taught phonics: the relationship between letters and the sounds they make. 

The law set aside $10 million to retrain 20,000 teachers on that evidence-based instruction and gave the money to the main state teachers union, New York State United Teachers, to use in developing the course. Last September, the union launched it. 

But the course doesn’t reflect the latest research and in fact promotes a teaching strategy that’s been found ineffective and could actually impede students’ progress, literacy experts say. Those reviewers say the course contains far too much material from the now outdated reading method that Hochul said she wanted to see replaced. 

Scott Bauer:

The president of the 25-campus Universities of Wisconsin said in a letter obtained by The Associated Press on Thursday that he’s been told to either resign or be fired, but has been given no reason and won’t step aside from the 165,000-student system.

Jay Rothman, president of the university system since 2022, said in the letter addressed to the head of the Board of Regents dated March 26 that he’s been given no reason why regents want him to leave. 

Rothman said he’s been told that his options are to resign or retire, and that if he doesn’t then the board “was prepared to terminate my employment despite all that has been accomplished.”

The Board of Regents held a closed emergency meeting on Wednesday night to discuss personnel matters. 

“The Board is responsible for the leadership of the Universities of Wisconsin and is having discussions about its future,” Amy Bogost, board president, said in a statement to AP. “We don’t comment on personnel matters.” 

Rothman declined to comment when reached via email on Thursday.

“I believe my letter speaks for itself,” he said.

Jamie Dimon:

“Our head count in Manhattan when I got to JPMorgan was 35,000 and now is 26,000. Our head count in Texas started at 11,000, now it’s 33,000. That’s what happens.”

Jamie Dimon on why companies are leaving New York:

“Highest individual taxes, highest estate taxes, highest corporate taxes, anti-business sentiment.”

“When I grew up as a kid in New York City, there were 120 of the Fortune 500 headquarters there. In the 1970s, 60 of the 120 left, including Exxon, GE, IBM, Union Carbide. They’re all going to Texas.”

The Hill & Valley Forum 2026

Will Flanders:

If lowering our education standards in Wisconsin was the right thing to do, why is DPI doing everything it can to hide the process that led to it?

—-

What started as questions about a panel of experts used by DPI brought revelations of a $368K “waterpark workshop.”

The story is now much bigger.

Read about the $8 million + project to administer and change the state’s Forward Exam.

New details 👇

———-

Much more on our endlessly challenged Wisconsin DPI, here.

And, Jill Underly.

By Alfredo Sánchez-Tójar, Jelte M. Wicherts & Robb Willer

Huge meta-research project puts claims in social-science papers to the test
Three experts discuss lessons learnt from a large-scale dissection of the reproducibility, analytical robustness and replicability of published results.

——

more.

and.

——

Rahm Emanuel — Obama’s Chief of Staff, Clinton’s political director — just said it.

“We lost the plot.”

Emanuel: 50% of American kids aren’t reading at grade level. Reading and math scores at a 30-year low. The Democratic Party’s response was bathroom access and trans athletes in women’s sports.

——-

and….

——-

Greg Lunkianoff

Also one of the least politically diverse departments and at the bottom of hours spent studying of any major. So many of the problems in K-PhD originate in Ed schools including some of the worst speech policing policies.

I believe Ed schools need to be completely rethought

Bill Melugin:

The CBP One app was originally created to streamline trucking cargo for vehicles crossing the border.

The Biden admin altered it to allow 50,000-60,000 otherwise inadmissible aliens from around the globe to enter the U.S. every single month for two years straight.

——-

Unlike Google or other major tech companies, Facebook had to be threatened/coerced, which it was because it allowed Trump to raise hundreds of millions of dollars. Obama personally threatened Zuckerberg into sweeping censorship in November 2016.

www

The Official Golden Thread Curriculum offers a storied approach to intellectual formation, emphasizing rigor, coherence, and the pursuit of truth. Developed in exclusive partnership with Hillsdale College, this adaptable framework provides a deep historical understanding grounded in the great tradition of the humanities. By tracing the trajectory of the West from the ancient world to the modern era, these offerings illuminate the figures, faiths, and ideas that shaped our civilization.

Tyler Cowen:

After Claudia Goldin became the first woman to win a solo Nobel in economics in 2023, she received hundreds of invitations and requests. She accepted just three.

One of them was advising the WNBA players union as the women prepared to negotiate a new labor deal with the league.

When Goldin replied via email to Terri Carmichael Jackson, executive director of the players union, “I remember just reading it and screaming,” Jackson said. Goldin had one requirement: She refused to be paid.

This month, the two sides reached a collective bargaining agreement that gave Women’s National Basketball Association players a nearly 400% raise. Starting this season, players’ average salary will top $580,000.

It isn’t just the biggest pay increase in U.S. league history. It is, as far as Goldin is aware, the biggest increase any union anywhere has ever negotiated.

“It’s astounding,” the 79-year-old Harvard economist said.

Dave Cieslewicz:

For example, in 2024, Madison voters approved a record $507 million capital improvements referendum. One of the largest items in that referendum was $85 million for a new, bigger building to house Sherman Middle and Shabazz High schools. Yet, that building is at only 50% of capacity, and projections are for enrollments to go down. Before asking taxpayers for half a billion dollars, it would have made sense to do an attendance area study first to determine how existing schools could be more efficiently utilized. But that study is only being conducted now — after the referendum was passed by the voters.

At the same time that voters approved the capital referendum, they also OK’d an ongoing $100 million operating budget increase, most of which will go to pay for staff. But over the last decade, while the district experienced an 8% decline in enrollment, it increased the staff by around 2.6%, according to the Wisconsin Policy Forum. 

And, as an aside, we need to ask why the district is losing students in the fastest-growing big city in Wisconsin. Over the past decade, while those enrollment numbers fell, the city’s population increased by roughly 15%.

Finally, those referendums came with no promises of accountability. Gothard should have explained how actual student performance would be enhanced because of those investments. As it is, test scores continue to lag the rest of the state, truancy levels remain high and the racial achievement gap has not budged despite decades of focus on it.

——-

Fast Lane Literacy

1998! Money and school performance.

A.B.T.: “Ain’t been taught.”

3888 (!) Madison 4k to 3rd grade students scored lower than 75% of the students in the national comparison group during the 2024-2025 school year.

Madison taxpayers have long supported far above average (now > $26,000 per student) K-12 tax & spending practices. This, despite long term, disastrous reading results. 

Madison Schools: More $, No Accountability

The taxpayer funded Madison School District long used Reading Recovery…

The data clearly indicate that being able to read is not a requirement for graduation at (Madison) East, especially if you are black or Hispanic”

My Question to Wisconsin Governor Tony Evers on Teacher Mulligans and our Disastrous Reading Results

2017: West High Reading Interventionist Teacher’s Remarks to the School Board on Madison’s Disastrous Reading Results 

Madison’s taxpayer supported K-12 school district, despite spending far more than most, has long tolerated disastrous reading results.

“An emphasis on adult employment”

Wisconsin Public Policy Forum Madison School District Report[PDF]

WEAC: $1.57 million for Four Wisconsin Senators

Friday Afternoon Veto: Governor Evers Rejects AB446/SB454; an effort to address our long term, disastrous reading results

Booked, but can’t read (Madison): functional literacy, National citizenship and the new face of Dred Scott in the age of mass incarceration.

When A Stands for Average: Students at the UW-Madison School of Education Receive Sky-High Grades. How Smart is That?

Legislative Letter to Jill Underly on Wisconsin Literacy.

The Economist:

Until recently, most leading AI research was produced by experts based in the West. That is changing. In 2025, for the first time, more studies presented at the world’s top AIconference had lead authors based in China than in either America or Europe. To better understand the international ebbs and flows of AI talent, The Economist tracked the education histories of researchers who presented papers at the December 2025 edition of the Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS), the world’s largest and most prestigious AI gathering. More than 21,000 papers were submitted to NeurIPS, of which roughly a quarter were accepted. MacroPolo, a now-shuttered think tank, analysed the change in educational background of NeurIPS authors in 2019 and 2022. We applied their method to a random sample of 600 papers (authored by almost 4,000 researchers) from 2025.

In 2019, 29% of AI researchers who presented at NeurIPS began their careers in China.

By 2025 half did. Over the same period, the share who started out in America fell from 20% to 12%.

———

Fast Lane Literacy

1998! Money and school performance.

A.B.T.: “Ain’t been taught.”

3888 (!) Madison 4k to 3rd grade students scored lower than 75% of the students in the national comparison group during the 2024-2025 school year.

Madison taxpayers have long supported far above average (now > $26,000 per student) K-12 tax & spending practices. This, despite long term, disastrous reading results. 

Madison Schools: More $, No Accountability

The taxpayer funded Madison School District long used Reading Recovery…

The data clearly indicate that being able to read is not a requirement for graduation at (Madison) East, especially if you are black or Hispanic”

My Question to Wisconsin Governor Tony Evers on Teacher Mulligans and our Disastrous Reading Results

2017: West High Reading Interventionist Teacher’s Remarks to the School Board on Madison’s Disastrous Reading Results 

Madison’s taxpayer supported K-12 school district, despite spending far more than most, has long tolerated disastrous reading results.

“An emphasis on adult employment”

Wisconsin Public Policy Forum Madison School District Report[PDF]

WEAC: $1.57 million for Four Wisconsin Senators

Friday Afternoon Veto: Governor Evers Rejects AB446/SB454; an effort to address our long term, disastrous reading results

Booked, but can’t read (Madison): functional literacy, National citizenship and the new face of Dred Scott in the age of mass incarceration.

When A Stands for Average: Students at the UW-Madison School of Education Receive Sky-High Grades. How Smart is That?

Legislative Letter to Jill Underly on Wisconsin Literacy.

Victor Davis Hanson:

Such radical evolution has also been characteristic of the later American military, which has often been faulted for entering a war unprepared, naive, overconfident, and poorly led—but never remained so for long. Despite democracy’s innate unease with military culture and standing armies, within a year of America’s entering wars, the nation’s assets of individualism, fluidity between classes, openness to experimentation and innovation, meritocracy, affinity for technological change, economic dynamism, and love of liberty have consistently resulted in rapid adaptation and eventual success over much more experienced enemies.

The American Revolution established the tradition of a flexible military that quickly evolves from a disorganized and confused peacetime militia to deadly wartime soldiers. For example, at the First Battle of Bull Run (First Manassas, July 21, 1861), in the initial engagement of the Civil War, an imposing but disorganized and poorly led Union force of 35,000 raw recruits was routed and humiliated by a smaller but more spirited Confederate army. Colonel William Tecumseh Sherman, one of the few heroes that day on the losing Union side, and soon to be a general, left the flotsam and jetsam of Bull Run utterly depressed but still eager to bring about changes. He feared that the North’s armies were so disorganized, poorly equipped, and badly trained that they might never be able to invade and defeat the Confederacy, then about three-quarters the size of Europe.

Chris Rickert:

Madison School District teacher exchanged nearly 130,000 messages with a female student and repeatedly told her he loved her and pressured her for increasing amounts of physical contact, a criminal complaint alleges.

Eliav M. Goldman, 29, was charged Tuesday with felony grooming and sexual misconduct for his behavior with the student, which began in June, before the girl’s freshman year in high school, and stretched into March, according to the complaint.

Goldman was in his third year as a choir, general music and theater teacher at Toki Middle School, according to the school’s choir and theater site, and also was listed as an adviser for Memorial High School’s drama, debate and forensics club.

——-

Fast Lane Literacy

1998! Money and school performance.

A.B.T.: “Ain’t been taught.”

8,897 (!) Madison 4k to 3rd grade students scored lower than 75% of the students in the national comparison group during the 2024-2025 school year.

Madison taxpayers have long supported far above average (now > $26,000 per student) K-12 tax & spending practices. This, despite long term, disastrous reading results. 

Madison Schools: More $, No Accountability

The taxpayer funded Madison School District long used Reading Recovery…

The data clearly indicate that being able to read is not a requirement for graduation at (Madison) East, especially if you are black or Hispanic”

My Question to Wisconsin Governor Tony Evers on Teacher Mulligans and our Disastrous Reading Results

2017: West High Reading Interventionist Teacher’s Remarks to the School Board on Madison’s Disastrous Reading Results 

Madison’s taxpayer supported K-12 school district, despite spending far more than most, has long tolerated disastrous reading results.

“An emphasis on adult employment”

Wisconsin Public Policy Forum Madison School District Report[PDF]

WEAC: $1.57 million for Four Wisconsin Senators

Friday Afternoon Veto: Governor Evers Rejects AB446/SB454; an effort to address our long term, disastrous reading results

Booked, but can’t read (Madison): functional literacy, National citizenship and the new face of Dred Scott in the age of mass incarceration.

When A Stands for Average: Students at the UW-Madison School of Education Receive Sky-High Grades. How Smart is That?

Legislative Letter to Jill Underly on Wisconsin Literacy.

Jesus Fernandez-Villaverde:

Which of the rationales I outlined last Tuesday for traditional higher education still hold up against AI? As I noted in a later post, the answer depends on the college-major pair. A finance degree from Wharton and a psychology degree from a commuter college are different products, so AI will affect them in very different ways, and we need to always think at the margin. The twelve rationales fall into three categories: 🅐 Mostly resilient to AI: signaling, networking, and cultural capital at highly selective institutions, commitment for time-inconsistent students, the hold-out period for traditional-age students, proximity to the research frontier at research universities, and physical infrastructure. 🅑 Highly vulnerable: skill acquisition, topic curation, and assessment. 🅒 Entirely dependent on the college-major pair: credentialing (robust where statutory, fragile where normative), peer effects, and cultural capital (robust at selective institutions, negligible elsewhere). Let me go through them one by one. ① Signaling. Robust at the top, irrelevant at the bottom. The signaling value of a STEM degree from an Ivy is untouched by AI, because the signal comes from admission and from the ability to complete the degree. By contrast, a degree in humanities from a non-selective institution is a weak signal, because both admission and completion are easy. AI opens the door to alternative ways of assessing competence (for example, personalized evaluations) that may soon compete with degrees from weaker institutions. So the student who was already indifferent between attending a mid-ranked institution and entering the labor market now has a third option.

Tyler Cowen:

The subtitle of the piece is “Evidence From Chinese and Swedish Twins.”  Abstract:

Economists have long studied how parental behavior shapes within-family inequality, yet empirical findings remain mixed. Using twins data from China and Sweden, we examine the predominant mechanisms reported in the literature. Parents in both countries invest similarly during childhood. Inter vivos transfers, however, differ: Chinese parents reinforce income inequality, whereas Swedish parents distribute wealth equally; the reinforcing pattern reflects exchange motives. Bequests are divided equally in both countries. Parental education plays a key role: less educated parents reinforce income inequality, whereas more educated parents transfer wealth equally. Cross-country differences in parental education may thus help explain the mixed findings.

Heartland post:

A family liaison at Thoreau Elementary School in the Madison Metropolitan School District faces three felony charges after allegedly photographing a naked second-grade student with severe autism in the student’s private calming room and sending the image to her former partner with the message, “This is what’s going on at my job.”

Tatianna Jefferson, 28, is charged with capturing and distributing an intimate representation without consent, according to a criminal complaint filed in Dane County. The neglecting-a-child charge was later dropped, court records show. Jefferson signed a signature bond and is scheduled to appear in court on May 11.

The incident occurred in October 2025 in a school room designated for the student, who requires constant supervision due to his disability. The student has a documented history of removing his clothing at school because of sensory issues. Staff had been instructed to cover him with blankets and move him to a private bathroom. The “live photo,” lasting about five seconds, showed the student lying nude on a gray beanbag chair with his genitals visible. According to police, the camera flipped at the end, briefly capturing Jefferson’s face.

Jefferson shared the image with her former partner, who was on parole. He forwarded it to his then-girlfriend, hoping she would report Jefferson.  A fourth-grade girl later recognized Jefferson in the photo when it appeared on her sister’s phone. The girl’s mother reported the matter to school officials, triggering a police investigation that began Jan. 27. Officers visited the school Jan. 30 and confirmed the photo matched the calming room. Jefferson was interviewed Feb. 2.

———

37.4% of Thoreau 4 year old to third grade students scored lower than 75% of the students in the national comparison group.

Erin Gretzinger:

Under state open records laws, the Cap Times obtained the open-ended survey responses, which reveal the extent of tension in the community over what should be the school district’s priorities as it redraws school boundaries.

While dozens stressed the importance of diverse schools and equitably distributing resources, many also urged the school district to prioritize short commutes and avoid breaking up neighborhoods into different schools. 

But demographically, parts of Madison remain sharply divided along racial and socioeconomic lines, meaning the preference for neighborhood schools could clash with desires to prioritize student diversity.

“Be mindful of race so that new boundaries do not create more segregated schools,” one person wrote. “It would be great if Madison neighborhoods were not so segregated, but they are.”

“Allow students to attend the school that they live closest to; do not bus students across the city for diversity’s sake,” another wrote.

Names of the survey respondents were not provided by the school district, which cited privacy concerns.

The responses aren’t comprehensive and don’t proportionally represent Madison schools’ student population. For example, about 78% of respondents identified as white, while 39% of Madison’s students are white.

Still, the hundreds of survey responses reflect what MGT’s consultants said are common frictions in school boundary reviews, providing a glimpse into the competing questions Madison school officials must weigh as they prepare to bring the first scenarios for new maps to the community in May.

…..

District leaders are also using the review to evaluate special programs and school options as part of a larger effort to attract families amid unexpected enrollment drops and increasing open enrollment rates out of the district.

The last boundary and attendance area review in the Madison school district was in the early 2000s. The district didn’t work with an external consultant and the School Board at the time ultimately made few changes, Green said

———

Madison enrollment notes.

Where Have All The Students Gone? 1995-2024

Curiously, Madison recently expanded its least diverse schools (Van Hise/Hamilton)…..

——-

Fast Lane Literacy

1998! Money and school performance.

A.B.T.: “Ain’t been taught.”

8,897 (!) Madison 4k to 3rd grade students scored lower than 75% of the students in the national comparison group during the 2024-2025 school year.

Madison taxpayers have long supported far above average (now > $26,000 per student) K-12 tax & spending practices. This, despite long term, disastrous reading results. 

Madison Schools: More $, No Accountability

The taxpayer funded Madison School District long used Reading Recovery…

The data clearly indicate that being able to read is not a requirement for graduation at (Madison) East, especially if you are black or Hispanic”

My Question to Wisconsin Governor Tony Evers on Teacher Mulligans and our Disastrous Reading Results

2017: West High Reading Interventionist Teacher’s Remarks to the School Board on Madison’s Disastrous Reading Results 

Madison’s taxpayer supported K-12 school district, despite spending far more than most, has long tolerated disastrous reading results.

“An emphasis on adult employment”

Wisconsin Public Policy Forum Madison School District Report[PDF]

WEAC: $1.57 million for Four Wisconsin Senators

Friday Afternoon Veto: Governor Evers Rejects AB446/SB454; an effort to address our long term, disastrous reading results

Booked, but can’t read (Madison): functional literacy, National citizenship and the new face of Dred Scott in the age of mass incarceration.

When A Stands for Average: Students at the UW-Madison School of Education Receive Sky-High Grades. How Smart is That?

Legislative Letter to Jill Underly on Wisconsin Literacy

Teagan King:

At Sherman/Shabazz, Superintendent Joe Gothard said the new buildings will help the school district prepare for Madison’s anticipated growth.

“We’re celebrating what’s to come: Spaces that support modern teaching and learning, foster collaboration and ensure that every student feels welcomed and supported,” he said. “And just as important, they will continue to serve as anchors for the surrounding community for decades to come.”

——-

Madison enrollment notes.

Where Have All The Students Gone? 1995-2024

Curiously, Madison recently expanded its least diverse schools (Van Hise/Hamilton)…..

Washington Post:

Higher graduation rates are something to celebrate, so long as they’re actually backed by an increase in academic achievement, but Boston’s standardized test scores tell a different story.

Mayor Michelle Wu (D) says her city’s graduation rate at public high schools — 81.3 percent last year, the highest in district history — came without “lowering any expectations” or “moving the goalposts.”

Then why did 73 percent of the class of 2019 graduate, with an average SAT score of 1016, while the class of 2025 had an average score of 1004?

In what has become a pattern across America, graduation rates have increased while standardized test scores dropped sharply and have yet to recover. The evidence suggests kids are not actually better prepared.

Consider how much Boston’s Class of 2025 struggled to meet expectations on the MCAS, the state’s standardized test, when they were in 10th grade. Less than half of students met or exceeded expectations in English and fewer than 40 percent did in math. On both subjects, Boston students fared well below the state average.

——

Fast Lane Literacy

1998! Money and school performance.

A.B.T.: “Ain’t been taught.”

8,897 (!) Madison 4k to 3rd grade students scored lower than 75% of the students in the national comparison group during the 2024-2025 school year.

Madison taxpayers have long supported far above average (now > $26,000 per student) K-12 tax & spending practices. This, despite long term, disastrous reading results. 

Madison Schools: More $, No Accountability

The taxpayer funded Madison School District long used Reading Recovery…

The data clearly indicate that being able to read is not a requirement for graduation at (Madison) East, especially if you are black or Hispanic”

My Question to Wisconsin Governor Tony Evers on Teacher Mulligans and our Disastrous Reading Results

2017: West High Reading Interventionist Teacher’s Remarks to the School Board on Madison’s Disastrous Reading Results 

Madison’s taxpayer supported K-12 school district, despite spending far more than most, has long tolerated disastrous reading results.

“An emphasis on adult employment”

Wisconsin Public Policy Forum Madison School District Report[PDF]

WEAC: $1.57 million for Four Wisconsin Senators

Friday Afternoon Veto: Governor Evers Rejects AB446/SB454; an effort to address our long term, disastrous reading results

Booked, but can’t read (Madison): functional literacy, National citizenship and the new face of Dred Scott in the age of mass incarceration.

When A Stands for Average: Students at the UW-Madison School of Education Receive Sky-High Grades. How Smart is That?

Legislative Letter to Jill Underly on Wisconsin Literacy

Chicago Tribune:

Cook County’s property tax system is a Rubik’s Cube for even those relatively steeped in assessments and equalization factors value to decipher. So pity the ordinary property owners who have to pay the taxman two times every year.

All they know is that the tax cost of owning a home — you know, that thing we call the American Dream — keeps growing at rates that seem unsustainable. And, naturally, they want to know who to blame.

One Cook County officeholder, Assessor Fritz Kaegi, already has felt the public’s anger, losing his Democratic primary reelection race to challenger Patrick Hynes. Kaegi in many respects simply was the messenger who got removed for being in a post directly related to property taxes when many Chicago homeowners got the bad news late last year that their taxes had soared due to the pandemic’s deflating effect on commercial property values.

So leave it to the always-canny Cook County treasurer, Maria Pappas, to issue a comprehensive report less than two weeks after voters made their displeasure known at the polls — saying to residents, in effect, “No, it’s not your imagination. Property taxes really are that bad.”

——-

Despite record funding for K-12 education and Gov. Evers’ 400-year veto providing $325 per pupil per year for the next four centuries, 72 school districts are asking taxpayers for even more money.

WEAC: $1.57 million for Four Wisconsin Senators

Heartland Post:

A whopping 72 Wisconsin school districts have placed referendums on the April 7 ballot seeking just over $1 billion in additional local funding, mostly through property tax increases for operations and debt.

62 of the questions are operational referendums that would allow districts to exceed state revenue limits for day-to-day expenses such as staff salaries, programs and maintenance. The remaining questions seek borrowing authority for capital projects. The requests come even as statewide K-12 enrollment has declined, with the state losing more than 14,000 public school students last year and 68 of Wisconsin’s 72 counties seeing enrollment drops.

Gov. Tony Evers dramatically expanded school funding authority in 2023 when he used a partial veto to extend an annual $325 per-pupil increase to district revenue limits for 400 years, a move upheld by the Wisconsin Supreme Court. State K-12 education funding has reached all-time highs in recent years, as districts spent a record $17,400 per student in the 2023-24 school year.

Despite the increases in state support, many districts say they face budget pressures from rising costs, special education needs and fixed expenses that do not shrink with fewer students. Wisconsin public school enrollment has fallen about 7% since 2002, outpacing the national decline.

Dissident Teacher

Teaching them about einstellung was their warning. They were all smart enough to reverse engineer an answer when given a textbook. All I did was explain to them that without actually doing the work, they weren’t building the neural framework that would allow them to recall and do the work on their own on quizzes and tests.

They took the test in my class with no book, no device, and no phones. That first test taught most of them that einstellung was real and they weren’t immune, no matter how smart everyone had been telling them they were since kindergarten. They had to do the work or they wouldn’t be able to do it under testing conditions which mimicked the conditions under which they’d take the AP exam.

The ones who took that lesson to heart ended up with Bs and As in my class. The ones who continued to take the shortcut ended up with Ds and Fs.

Alex Tabarrok: 

It’s well known that grade inflation has “degraded” the informational content of grades at many colleges. At Harvard, two-thirds of all undergraduate grades are now A’s—up from about a quarter two decades ago. In response, a Harvard faculty committee has proposed capping A grades at 20 percent of each class (plus a cushion for small courses). That may give professors some cover to resist further inflation, but it doesn’t solve the real problem.

The real problem is not inflation per se. It’s that students are penalized for taking harder courses with stronger peers. A grade cap leaves that distortion intact—and can even amplify it. As Harvard economist Scott Kominers argues:

A grade cap systematically penalizes ambitious students for surrounding themselves with strong classmates. Perverse course-shopping incentives ensue as a result. A student who is prepared for an advanced course but concerned about landing in the bottom 80 percent may choose to drop down preemptively—seeking out a pond where they are a relatively bigger fish. As strong students move into lower-level courses, competition for A grades increases there while harder courses continue to shrink—reducing their A allocation further and driving more students away.

Clare Ansberry:

“The more, the merrier,” says Vincent Day, who has separate clusters of close friends, some revolving around music, some around work, others from his kids’ school and a half-dozen from high school. Day, who comes from a family of nine children, makes friends easily and values rich and varied ties.

“I call people all the time. I’m just one of those types of people,” he says.

The number of people we consider close friends changes over time, peaking in our teens and early 20s and shrinking as we get busier with kids, work and aging parents. With less free time, we tend to become more selective about who we share it with, focusing on the most meaningful connections.

Many of us lose friends over time. People drift away, physically and emotionally.

Jeffrey Hall, professor of communications studies at the University of Kansas, doesn’t have a magic friend number, but says there are downsides to extremes.

Having no friends can make a person terribly lonely. Having only one friend that you depend on for everything can leave a person floundering if something happens to that person.

Will Flanders:

That Wisconsin schools are somehow “underfunded” is pure misinformation. Below is inflation adjusted spending since 2000. We spend MORE than we did in 2000. We spend within $200 of the all time highs right before Act 10. The media needs to start questioning this narrative.

——-

more.

——-

Fast Lane Literacy

1998! Money and school performance.

A.B.T.: “Ain’t been taught.”

8,897 (!) Madison 4k to 3rd grade students scored lower than 75% of the students in the national comparison group during the 2024-2025 school year.

Madison taxpayers have long supported far above average (now > $26,000 per student) K-12 tax & spending practices. This, despite long term, disastrous reading results. 

Madison Schools: More $, No Accountability

The taxpayer funded Madison School District long used Reading Recovery…

The data clearly indicate that being able to read is not a requirement for graduation at (Madison) East, especially if you are black or Hispanic”

My Question to Wisconsin Governor Tony Evers on Teacher Mulligans and our Disastrous Reading Results

2017: West High Reading Interventionist Teacher’s Remarks to the School Board on Madison’s Disastrous Reading Results 

Madison’s taxpayer supported K-12 school district, despite spending far more than most, has long tolerated disastrous reading results.

“An emphasis on adult employment”

Wisconsin Public Policy Forum Madison School District Report[PDF]

WEAC: $1.57 million for Four Wisconsin Senators

Friday Afternoon Veto: Governor Evers Rejects AB446/SB454; an effort to address our long term, disastrous reading results

Booked, but can’t read (Madison): functional literacy, National citizenship and the new face of Dred Scott in the age of mass incarceration.

When A Stands for Average: Students at the UW-Madison School of Education Receive Sky-High Grades. How Smart is That?

Legislative Letter to Jill Underly on Wisconsin Literacy

Maria Pappas:

Property taxes in Cook County increased at double the rate of inflation and well above the rate of wage growth during the past 30 years, a study by Cook County Treasurer Maria Pappas found.

Local governments in Cook County imposed $19.2 billion in property taxes in 2024, up nearly 182% from the $6.8 billion taxed in 1995, according to the report.

During those three decades, inflation rose by 91%, while average wages grew by about 161%. That means property owners now must devote a larger percentage of their earnings to taxes and, if the trend continues, even more in the future.

Shannon Whitworth:

For example, the Obama administration implemented a race-based disciplinary approach for secondary schools. In practice, this policy led many schools to limit discipline to avoid racial disparities in disciplinary outcomes, reducing accountability for students’ unacceptable behavior in school.

In turn, that policy encouraged disruptive behavior in classrooms. It also created an environment not conducive to learning for those students interested in getting an education, according to a report by the Wisconsin Institute for Law and Liberty.

Safety, cultural and academic standards, discipline, quality instructors, parental engagement and student leadership are the foundation on which successful education is based. For example, Milwaukee Lutheran High School is a choice school where the vast majority of students are economically disadvantaged Black kids who attend by virtue of a school choice voucher. 

In the last few years, the school has undergone a security overhaul. It introduced armed security, advanced weapons detection, intrusion detection systems and additional cameras. It implemented cultural and safety measures, such as school uniforms, a revised student code of conduct, teacher support to elevate academic standards, and additional counselors to help students with greater learning challenges. The goal was to reduce stress and increase accountability throughout the student body.

——-

Fast Lane Literacy

1998! Money and school performance.

A.B.T.: “Ain’t been taught.”

8,897 (!) Madison 4k to 3rd grade students scored lower than 75% of the students in the national comparison group during the 2024-2025 school year.

Madison taxpayers have long supported far above average (now > $26,000 per student) K-12 tax & spending practices. This, despite long term, disastrous reading results. 

Madison Schools: More $, No Accountability

The taxpayer funded Madison School District long used Reading Recovery…

The data clearly indicate that being able to read is not a requirement for graduation at (Madison) East, especially if you are black or Hispanic”

My Question to Wisconsin Governor Tony Evers on Teacher Mulligans and our Disastrous Reading Results

2017: West High Reading Interventionist Teacher’s Remarks to the School Board on Madison’s Disastrous Reading Results 

Madison’s taxpayer supported K-12 school district, despite spending far more than most, has long tolerated disastrous reading results.

“An emphasis on adult employment”

Wisconsin Public Policy Forum Madison School District Report[PDF]

WEAC: $1.57 million for Four Wisconsin Senators

Friday Afternoon Veto: Governor Evers Rejects AB446/SB454; an effort to address our long term, disastrous reading results

Booked, but can’t read (Madison): functional literacy, National citizenship and the new face of Dred Scott in the age of mass incarceration.

When A Stands for Average: Students at the UW-Madison School of Education Receive Sky-High Grades. How Smart is That?

Legislative Letter to Jill Underly on Wisconsin Literacy

Renaud Beauchard

Some books explain events, and others explain the world in which events become possible. Jacob Siegel’s The Information State: Politics in the Age of Total Control(Henry Holt, March 2026) belongs firmly to the second category. A former US Army infantry and intelligence officer who served in both Iraq and Afghanistan, Siegel is not a theorist who stumbled upon power. He watched it operate, up close, against living populations. 

That experience planted the seed for his landmark 2023 essay in Tablet magazine, “A Guide to Understanding the Hoax of the Century,” which was immediately recognized by some of the sharpest minds of our moment — N.S. Lyons, Matthew Crawford, Matt Taibbi, Walter Kirn, among others — as something rare: a genuinely illuminating text. The book that has grown from it is not merely an expansion. It is the definitive account of how liberal democracy, understood as government by consent, was quietly displaced by what Siegel calls the information state.

What is the information state? It is a regime that governs not through legislature or courts or votes, but through the invisible digital architecture that now mediates nearly every dimension of public life. Siegel’s definition is evolutive: “a state organized on the principle that it exists to protect the sovereign rights of individuals” is replaced by “a digital leviathan that wields power through opaque algorithms and the manipulation of digital swarms.” 

The Foucauldian resonance is deliberate and precise. This is governmentality in the strict sense, a rationality of rule that targets conduct rather than territory, that operates through security mechanisms and the management of populations rather than through the old instruments of force and law, blurring the distinction between the two. Its goal, Siegel insists, was never simply to censor, never merely to oppress. It was to rule. The kind of brazen censorship we observed during the Biden era and that is so tempting to our warring rulers again is not a bug; it is a feature of the new normal.

What gives Siegel’s thesis its particular force is the paradox at its center. The great ills the information state claims to remedy — disinformation above all — are self-referential products of the surveillance-and-attention-based internet upon which the state now depends for its very operation. The machine generates the pathology it then offers to cure. As Siegel puts it with characteristic precision, the politicians loudest in condemning platforms like Facebook or Twitter do not take the obvious step of seeking to make them less powerful. 

Sadie Gurman & Douglas Belkin:

The Trump administration is suing Harvard University, alleging the school violated Jewish students’ civil rights in the latest escalation of the government’s yearlong campaign against the Ivy League school.

The suit alleges Harvard failed to protect its Jewish and Israeli students by ignoring hostility on campus and refusing to enforce antiharassment rules. The suit, being filed Friday in federal district court in Massachusetts, seeks to compel the school to comply with civil-rights law and recover millions of taxpayer dollars that Harvard accepted while allegedly in violation of the law.

Harvard is currently set to receive more than $2.6 billion in grants from the Department of Health and Human Services, among other federal agencies, according to the lawsuit.

Colleges including Harvard allowed antisemitism to flourish on campus after the Oct. 7, 2023, Hamas attacks on Israel, the administration alleged. “This Justice Department has no tolerance for such brazen violations of federal law,” said Harmeet Dhillon, head of the department’s civil rights division, which brought the suit.

Danny Westneat: 

A decade ago, when King County first asked voters for $392 million in property taxes for the Best Starts for Kids program, the only group opposing it called itself “Smart Choices King County.”

“This levy sounds nice,” the group wrote in the 2015 voters guide. “But it is a ‘blank check’ without details on how it will be spent.”

“They don’t tell you before the fact what you’re buying,” one member told The Seattle Times.

This critique was correct. Elected officials even acknowledged it at the time. But they argued that figuring out grants for early learning and child-support groups later, on the fly, was a nimbler approach that would better serve the community.

The critics lost the argument. Fast-forward to today. This funding, which ballooned past $1 billion when a second kids levy was approved in 2021, is at the center of the mushrooming grants scandal at King County.

It turns out some of the groups started taking the money but not doing the work. Some were obvious scams, what one county employee called a “blatant misuse of funds.” But with little oversight the county kept right on paying out the money, and fired one employee who called attention to possible fraud.

Of 36 contracts later reviewed by an auditor, 19 showed possible improper payments or fraud. This audit covered only about 2% of the money spent on grants in a year, so it could be just the tip of the fraudberg.

Bottom line: The program was too much of a blank check.

The grants for kids and other programs clearly needed more guardrails. The most damning sentence in a blockbuster Seattle Times investigative report last week was when a former state auditor summed up King County’s internal reaction: “It seems like their response was just, ‘Oh well.’ ”

——

More.

Apollo looks beyond New York as it plans second headquarters.

Steven Yoder:

In April 2024, New York Gov. Kathy Hochul made a bold promise: The state would revamp its approach to literacy and boost state reading scores by double digits. “We’re turning the page on how we teach students how to read,” she said in front of a first grade class in Albany. The state would raise the share of third graders reading proficiently from 45 percent to 60 percent or higher, she said. 

She’d just signed budget legislation, branded “Back to Basics,” that was supposed to ensure that every school district adopts a strategy of teaching dubbed the “science of reading.” The approach reflects decades of research showing that, among other things, children learn best when they’re explicitly taught phonics: the relationship between letters and the sounds they make. 

The law set aside $10 million to retrain 20,000 teachers on that evidence-based instruction and gave the money to the main state teachers union, New York State United Teachers, to use in developing the course. Last September, the union launched it. 

But the course doesn’t reflect the latest research and in fact promotes a teaching strategy that’s been found ineffective and could actually impede students’ progress, literacy experts say. Those reviewers say the course contains far too much material from the now outdated reading method that Hochul said she wanted to see replaced. 

That assessment comes as reading scores in New York are falling while those of a few states that have invested heavily in evidence-based literacy instruction are rising.

“There are just lots of inaccuracies and very old citations,” said Susan Neuman, a New York University professor who specializes in early literacy development, after viewing a sample of 18 slides from the course. “We’ve spent $10 million on this? Can I get a refund?” 

james Hankins:

We’d be grateful to anyone and all who could help Allen Guelzo and I promote our new Substack, The Golden Thread, which is meant to interest readers and support teachers of our 2-vol. work. We are trying to bring back the study of Western civilization after 40 years of neglect. goldenthread.substack.com

Noam Scheiber

Political observers on the left and right had very different views on whether Zohran Mamdani would be a good mayor of New York City. But one thing they agreed onwas why so many young college graduates supported the self-proclaimed democratic socialist.

As Peter Thiel, the venture capitalist and Trump backer, put it in an interview with The Free Press after last fall’s election: Too many people graduate from college with useless degrees, sky-high debt and long odds of owning a home. The graduates saw Mamdani as a solution to these problems. “If you proletarianize the young people,” Mr. Thiel said, “you shouldn’t be surprised if they eventually become communist.”

He’s not wrong, at least about the economic challenges facing recent college graduates. Student debt has escalated over the past few decades, while housing is increasingly inaccessible for young Americans, especially in high-priced areas like New York and San Francisco.

Perhaps most alarmingly, recent college graduates are having a harder time finding work. Between 1990 and 2018, it was almost unheard-of for the unemployment rate of recent college graduates to exceed the country’s overall rate. But that has been the case for five straight years now.

It appears that the white-collar job market will continue to soften this year. And almost all of these problems precede the impact of artificial intelligence, which is still in the early stages of cannibalizing human labor.

John:

About four months ago, I apparently told someone I was going to build an interactive periodic table website. You know how it goes — you say something on the internet, and then months later someone reminds you that you actually have to do it. So when I posted on r/webdev about some free tools I’d built, I figured it was finally time to deliver.

So here it is. No excuses, no vaporware — a fully interactive, completely free periodic table of elements. Every element, every property, every electron shell diagram. Four months late, but I’d like to think it was worth the wait.

Ivy Exile:

Increasingly, the impeccably credentialed experts promised to harness algorithms and artificial intelligence to automatically impose an indisputable vision of “social justice” determined outside of the democratic process. No longer would the backward bigots in Tulsa, Omaha, and Cleveland have a say in our democratic society; instead, expert “stakeholders” in Washington, New York, Boston, and the Bay Area would magnanimously shepherd “our democracy” and protect it from the ignorant masses.

So it was with a disgusted sense of recognition that I devoured journalist Jacob Siegel’s disturbing new book The Information State: Politics in the Age of Total Control, an immediate contender for book of the year and likely of the decade. A U.S. Army combat veteran of Iraq and Afghanistan, Siegel traces the seemingly inexorable rise of authoritarian managerialism to the emergence of bureaucratized nation-states in the late 19th century, with dreams and theorizing stretching back centuries. Vastly expanding upon an essay Siegel wrote for Tabletmagazine in 2023 that went mega-viral, the narrative details how the march of technology has enabled ideologues and opportunists to manipulate and attempt to herd electorates.

James Bohn:

Starting in the early 2010s, Wisconsin undertook market-oriented policy reforms that substantially enhanced economic freedom in the state as measured by two widely cited indices. This analysis uses data from border counties with Illinois and Minnesota and state-level migration data to assess the impact of Wisconsin’s “experiment in economic freedom” on the state‘s economic performance.

• Throughout most of the 20^th century, Wisconsin’s policy environment was generally characterized by high taxes, strict business regulation, and labor laws that favored unionization. This was an expression of the Progressive governance model, of which Wisconsin was one of the first adopters.
• Beginning around 2011 Wisconsin broke sharply with that tradition and began an “experiment in economic freedom.” The major policy changes driving this shift included significant reductions in the state and local tax burden, the enactment of right-to-work legislation, the passage of Act 10, and the introduction of a targeted tax credit that dramatically reduced effective tax rates on income from manufacturing and agricultural activities.
• These reforms increased the state’s ranking in widely cited indices that measure economic freedom. In the early 2000s, Wisconsin consistently placed near the bottom of these rankings. During the 2010s, Wisconsin quickly climbed into the second quintile in both major indices, where it remains today.
• This paper assesses the impact of these reforms by comparing economic growth in Wisconsin’s border counties with counties on the other side of the border in Illinois and Minnesota (both of which remain near the bottom of state economic freedom rankings). This analysis supports the view that Wisconsin’s market-oriented reforms promoted growth. Further, analysis of interstate migration shows that Wisconsin has fared better in attracting and retaining working-age and higher-income taxpayers than these neighboring states since the reform era began. These results are consistent with decades of international and state-level evidence showing a strong link between increased economic freedom and prosperity.
• The gains from Wisconsin’s experiment in economic freedom are real but fragile. Recent proposals in Madison include a higher top income tax rate, rollback of the manufacturing and agriculture tax credit, repeal of Act 10, and repeal of right-to-work. Lawmakers will decide in the years ahead whether to return to the Progressive model or continue Wisconsin’s experiment in economic freedom.

Tim Sands:

As a university president for 12 years and a faculty member at three Power Five (now Four) institutions since 1993, I have long observed the interplay between National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I athletics and the university. Now as the chair of the NCAA Division I Board of Directors and a member of the Atlantic Coast Conference board, I have a front-row seat as the college sports landscape is being radically upended. I have a responsibility, as do my peers, to use the influence and power of our positions to act in the long-term interests of our institutions and our students. There are actions that we alone can take, and now is the time to step forward.

Borrowing from biological principles, the relationship between athletics and the university can be described as mutualistic symbiosis at best, and parasitic symbiosis at worst. There is no question that DI-level athletics benefit the university by advancing regional and national branding and creating an indelible bond through shared experiences between students, alumni and the institution. The latter brings application demand, enrollment yield, partnerships and sponsorships. The former drives philanthropy and the local economy, especially in small college towns like Blacksburg, home of Virginia Tech. The problem is, we can’t accurately quantify the aggregate indirect financial impact of athletics on the university. Instead of making rational decisions about athletics expenditures, these decisions are largely driven by emotion.

Athletics departments exercise disproportionate emotional leverage over the resources of the university proper, despite representing a small percentage of the operating budget (about 8 percent for Virginia Tech). If funds can be extracted from the university, students or donors, there is very little negative feedback in the system to prevent ever-escalating coaches’ salaries, massive investments in facilities and increasingly convoluted methods for paying players. Without controls based on clarity around the return on investment, athletics can become parasitic, driving institutions toward financial unsustainability.

Ben Rothove:

The University of Wisconsin-Madison’s faculty lobbying organization presents itself as a voice for all UW-Madison professors, but it has overwhelmingly taken progressive policy stances on issues including male participation in women’s sports and race-based practices in higher education.

The Public Representation Organization of the Faculty Senate (PROFS) was founded in 1976 by the UW-Madison faculty senate. Its goal is to advocate “on behalf of UW-Madison faculty before state legislators, the governor, the Board of Regents, members of Congress and the public.”

The executive committee of the faculty senate serves as the PROFS Board of Directors, while the Steering Committee directly oversees PROFS activities and determines the organization’s positions.

In the 2023 to 2024 and 2025 to 2026 legislative sessions, PROFS lobbied for or against 78 bills. It lobbied against 30 bills, 28 of which were Republican. Of the 48 bills it lobbied in favor of, 24 were bipartisan, 6 were Republican and 18 were Democratic. In 2025, PROFS total lobbying expenditures exceeded $60,000.

Senate bills and assembly bills are distinct, even if they cover the same topics. The Federalist counted them separately because Wisconsin’s official lobbying system does so. However, the overwhelming majority of bills PROFS registered support for or against in the assembly had a similar bill counted in the senate.

The lobbying group opposed AB 446 and SB 445, which would adopt the International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance definition of antisemitism. These were the only bipartisan bills opposed by PROFS in the last two legislative sessions. PROFS opposed no Democratic bills in the same timeframe.

Badger Institute:

“Bohn’s piece is nothing less than a tour de force that illustrates the real-world benefits of limited government, free markets and business-friendly policies. It powerfully demonstrates why the Mandate is such an important undertaking,” said Nichols.

Subsequent research will be released incrementally through October. Subjects and recommendations will focus on a wide range of topics, including taxes, spending, education, healthcare, housing and energy.

Four years ago, the Institute’s initial Mandate for Madison resulted in a 300-page book of policy recommendations. The effort helped shape public policy that resulted in the authorization of dental therapy, the return of resource officers to Milwaukee Public Schools, swifter justice for victims of crime, and increased funding for choice and charter schools.

“Policymakers must resist calls to roll back the market-oriented reforms of recent years,” said Eisen. “The 2026 Mandate for Madison will provide evidence-based guidance for continuing Wisconsin’s movement toward greater economic freedom.”

Jasmine Li:

Holly Govan left New York ready for an adventure abroad at the University of St Andrews in a cobblestone-street town 3,000 miles from home.

Instead, the Upper East Sider got paired with a roommate from lower Manhattan.

“Practically every person you hear sounds American,” Govan says. “You think you’re coming to get this Scottish or international experience, and there’s just so many Americans.”

The picturesque Scottish university, once the secret of private-school students from the East Coast, now boasts a student body that is about 20% American. With more than 2,200 American students, it beat even Oxford for the highest number of U.S. university expats last year, according to the Higher Education Statistics Agency.

It’s not just royal fans wanting to follow in the footsteps of Prince William and Kate Middleton at the 600-year-old campus. Students worn down by the hypercompetitive, expensive American experience are looking overseas, and St Andrews, a top 5 university in the U.K. with a four-year degree structure, often tops the list.

In 2025, applications from U.S. students rose 16.4% from a year earlier.

David Oks:

When all is said and done, and the final accounting is made of all human ambitions and achievements and follies, and the final historian turns to that strange realm of human endeavor that we call “computing,” that strange enterprise that gradually grew to encompass an unbelievable share of human life and redefine the entire world around its logic: what will that final historian have to say? Probably they will start with the forerunners, with Llull and Babbage and Lovelace; and then turn to the true pioneers, to Turing and Church and Shannon and von Neumann; and then the masters of hardware, Noyce and Kilby, and of software too, Ritchie and Dijkstra; and eventually they will arrive at PageRank, recommendation systems, neural nets, the transformer architecture, and whichever system ended up bootstrapping itself into superintelligence and thus inaugurating an entirely new epoch of history. But somewhere in their chronicle of this grand arc, for at least a few pages, they will have to talk about the electronic spreadsheet.

The electronic spreadsheet. Is there any tool as ubiquitous and yet so unloved? It would not be an exaggeration to say that Microsoft Excel, the product that today defines the spreadsheet category, is the most successful piece of application software ever made, counting about a sixth of humanity among its users and deciding the terms on which trillions of dollars in capital are allocated. And yet you will struggle to find people who love the spreadsheet. You will find people who wax poetic about the beauty and elegance of certain pieces of software—about Linux, or Rust, or particularly fast Python package managers. But you will be hard-pressed to find a true admirer of Excel.

Joe Gothard:

I want to sincerely thank the community members who havewrittenletters to the editor about my recent comments in a March 2 Wisconsin State Journal article. In it, I used “tax rate” when I meant “tax amount.” I realize my wording missed the mark, and I regret any misunderstanding this caused.

My consistent message has been that increased property assessments are a factor driving the rise of overall property tax bills, and I apologize for adding any confusion by conflating the complexities of property valuations with the mechanics of K-12 education funding.

Throughout my 33-year career in public education across multiple districts, I have focused on how changes in property value and state policy interact to determine what property taxpayers ultimately pay. In Wisconsin, a core issue remains: The state has chronically underfunded our public schools for decades, forcing many districts to go to referendums to maintain basic operations. In addition, due to an outdated general school aid funding formula, the Madison School District must rely on local property taxes to pay for 89% of shared educational costs.

This is unsustainable. In comparison, Green Bay, Kenosha, Racine and Milwaukee (four of the “Big 5” districts) only rely on local property taxes for 34% to 38% of their shared costs. Furthermore, while some assume that increased general school aid will benefit the Madison district, the reality is quite different.

This year, the Madison School District has more than 25,000 students and received $49 million in state aid. By comparison, smaller districts such as Neenah, Sun Prairie and West Allis-Milwaukee — each with about one-third of Madison’s enrollment — are slated to receive $52 million, $62 million and $57 million, respectively.

I am deeply grateful for the unwavering support our community has shown through past referendums, which have allowed us to maintain programs and services for students. But the disparity in how the state funds public schools highlights a systemic issue. It is time for a meaningful change in how the state supports our students and our taxpayers.

One way the state can do this is by supporting legislation to increase the reimbursement rate for special education and provide sum-sufficient funding for these costs (meaning the state covers the full amount promised). Private voucher schools receive sum-sufficient appropriations and reimbursement rates higher than those of public schools. When the state covers only a portion of the cost of these critical services, local property taxpayers ultimately cover the $62 million gap.

Wisconsin is sitting on a significant state budget surplus. Investing these resources into special education services would provide real relief while ensuring schools have the resources needed to serve all students. A more balanced approach to school funding, including a new approach to general aid disbursements, is necessary. Our students can’t continue to wait, and our property taxpayers cannot continue to shoulder additional tax costs.

——

Fast Lane Literacy

1998! Money and school performance.

A.B.T.: “Ain’t been taught.”

3888 (!) Madison 4k to 3rd grade students scored lower than 75% of the students in the national comparison group during the 2024-2025 school year.

Madison taxpayers have long supported far above average (now > $26,000 per student) K-12 tax & spending practices. This, despite long term, disastrous reading results. 

Madison Schools: More $, No Accountability

The taxpayer funded Madison School District long used Reading Recovery…

The data clearly indicate that being able to read is not a requirement for graduation at (Madison) East, especially if you are black or Hispanic”

My Question to Wisconsin Governor Tony Evers on Teacher Mulligans and our Disastrous Reading Results

2017: West High Reading Interventionist Teacher’s Remarks to the School Board on Madison’s Disastrous Reading Results 

Madison’s taxpayer supported K-12 school district, despite spending far more than most, has long tolerated disastrous reading results.

“An emphasis on adult employment”

Wisconsin Public Policy Forum Madison School District Report[PDF]

WEAC: $1.57 million for Four Wisconsin Senators

Friday Afternoon Veto: Governor Evers Rejects AB446/SB454; an effort to address our long term, disastrous reading results

Booked, but can’t read (Madison): functional literacy, National citizenship and the new face of Dred Scott in the age of mass incarceration.

When A Stands for Average: Students at the UW-Madison School of Education Receive Sky-High Grades. How Smart is That?

Legislative Letter to Jill Underly on Wisconsin Literacy

The Economist:

PDFs still have drawbacks. They are a pain to view on a smartphone. Copying data from them is fiddly. Software tools that read screens for blind people struggle with PDFs. The file type, which Adobe relinquished control over in 2008, is also a vehicle for malware: a fifth of email-based cyber-attacks utilise PDF attachments, according to Check Point, a cyber-security firm.

Lately another source of criticism has emerged. The large language models underpinning generative AI are often bamboozled by PDFs, reading a page set in columns from left to right rather than top to bottom, say, or getting confused by headers and footers. Trouble parsing PDFs is one of the reasons AI chatbots occasionally “hallucinate”, generating nonsense

arctotherium:

Master thread on the 2015-2022 closure of the Internet, the process by which every major Internet platform went from broadly open with a few basic guidelines to strict narrative enforcement, often with the collaboration of govts and outsourcing moderation power to NGOs.

Ruy Teixeira

The culture problem. This is a big one. The yawning gap between the cultural views of the Democratic Party, dominated by liberal professionals, and those of the median working class voter is screamingly obvious. One approach to this problem would be to actually change some of the Democratic Party positions that are so alienating to those voters.

Nah! That would be way too simple plus would create fights within our coalition plus…we’re on the right side of history aren’t we so why the hell would we change our correct, righteous positions? Democrats have instead chosen a different path, aptly summed up by Lauren Egan:

Stewart Baker:

The nation is close to marking the tenth anniversary of the discredited Crossfire Hurricane investigation, which saw the FBI and Justice Department seeking a FISA intercept against Carter Page by relying on false news stories and a partisan oppo research dossier. These days, nobody defends the Carter Page warrant process, but ten years later we still haven’t figured out how bad the abuse was. In fact, just last week we learned that Carter Page was not the only U.S. political figure subjected to a dubious FISA surveillance.

The disclosure was made by Senator Grassley, who offered evidence of improprieties in a FISA surveillance order against Walid Phares, a prominent conservative Mideast expert who advised both the Romney and Trump campaigns. By 2018, the Crossfire Hurricane work had been taken over by special counsel Robert Mueller. At the time, the FBI had already obtained three FISA orders (an original and two renewals) for surveillance of Phares. Doubts about the process were raised by an FBI agent who was testifying in the investigation of another agent for misconduct. The agent testified that the three earlier surveillance orders had done little to bolster the case against Phares; if anything, the facts collected by the FBI undercut the original application for FISA surveillance:

Per reporting from another agency and what we learned from the investigation up to the point of the third renewal, there were no corroborating facts that tied {Phares] to certain facts that we thought were originally true. For instance, there was nothing confirming [Phares] received a large money payment, and nothing confirming [Phares] had a meeting in another country for the purposes of the initial allegation. I pointed out these specific corrections to the application in numerous instances throughout the FISA certified copy process. This was circa 2018. I sent these edits to Kevin Clinesmith who said, “We can’t send this to DOJ.”  Kevin set up a meeting with DOJ and led a discussion on the FISA renewal. I provided arguments for how the information had changed our understanding of our initial analysis. In response they said, “We don’t know for sure” and that the statements they used in the FISA to describe the Target was “broad enough” to cover the differing perspectives.”

Te-Ping Chen and Lauren Weber:

Today’s paths to the middle class don’t just run through college or traditional manufacturing work. The Americans who make it are open to change, persistent and jump at unconventional opportunities. Many find openings in hands-on fields such as healthcare, and they lean on short-term credential programs as steppingstones to new careers.

She was determined to keep her grades up and took community-college classes in high school. To pay the bills at Eastern Michigan University, she worked two jobs, at the cafeteria and as student supervisor.

“My fear of instability pushed me more toward working,” Runels said.

In 2017, her junior year, she dropped out after a surprise pregnancy. She started a cleaning business during the pandemic, toddler in tow, but made only around $1,000 a month.

In 2022, a cleaning client who was an executive at a local Goodwill told her about its job programs. One involved making outdoor furniture from wooden pallets. Her instructors there referred her to another program: welding.

Milena Garrone

Carmen, another senior under a pseudonym in Chan’s calculus class, acknowledges his insensitive comments, but believes that his teaching and role as an educator was overall positive. “I definitely oppose the comments he made, as someone who has struggled with body image stuff, and as an outspoken feminist,” she said. However, she believes that Chan’s intention with his problems was to engage students with quirky questions, not make them uncomfortable. “I don’t think he realized that people might have been hurt by his jokes. I think he had fundamentally good intentions, and that he was just trying to find a way to connect with what he saw as immature teenagers who were struggling to pay attention in class,” she said. 

However, other students felt that Chan’s comments and actions were harmful and created an uncomfortable environment. Tabitha, a senior under a pseudonym and a former Algebra 2 student of Chan’s, found Chan’s behavior concerning. While she also experienced strange comments in class and questionable math problems, she also highlighted what she saw as inappropriate behavior online. “He followed many of his girl students on Instagram, including me, who were underage… he likes their posts, he’s commenting on their posts,” she said. On one occasion she ran into him outside of school, and he later messaged her on instagram. “I also spotted him in public once and he DM’ed me afterwards and he was like, ‘I saw you’,” she said. Once, during class, he asked her if she had a ‘sugar daddy’ when she mentioned that she was waiting for her dad to pick her up.

Additionally, Tabitha believes that he favored his female students and treated them differently than their male counterparts. “I feel like he did take a favoritism towards the girl students. Sometimes he would give them food and snacks and little rewards and such, which kind of seems unprofessional to me,” she said. Other students said that Chan had given out food in class, but Kara said, “Whenever he had food it was an invitation for the whole class to eat.” She did not interpret it as preferential treatment.

Tabitha wasn’t the only student who was uncomfortable with Chan’s actions. Emma, a senior under a pseudonym who took his Algebra 2 class junior year, said that she liked him as a teacher but was uncomfortable with certain behaviors he would show. He would come to help her with math, she said, and touch her shoulder while doing so. One time, she said, he came up to her and a friend in class and said “Girls are either pretty or they can do math.” After Emma had left his class, over the summer, Chan’s Instagram account began following her. He would like Instagram stories that she posted in “Festival outfits,” she said. Once, he DMed her to ask about access to Baker Beach, where she had previously posted pictures in a bikini. She did not respond, and Chan did not pursue further contact on Instagram after that one instance.

San Francisco Unified School District’s (SFUSD) School Employee Code of Conduct with Students lists “maintaining personal contact with a student outside of school by electronic communications, including social media,” as a violation of Professional Adult/Student Boundaries.