Are teachers and exam markers biased by bad handwriting?

Daisy Christodoulou

Handwriting bias in human Comparative Judgement

Handwriting bias in traditional human marking
Back in 2018, the English exam regulator Ofqual published a fascinating study looking at the thinking processes of experienced examiners in English Language GCSE. Here are some of the comments the examiners made about the scripts they were marking.

I see football, I see band 4, straightaway.

If you read none of these words, and you see they’ve done two-and-a-half sides, it’s written in paragraphs, the handwriting’s readable. And a candidate who gets 5 out of 8 for question one looks like that often.
— There’s a lot going on there. Doesn’t like to stretch himself too much, this is definitely a boy.
— You’re right it is a boy.
— Scruffy writing, can’t be bothered writing too much

So yes, handwriting bias exists, even amongst experienced examiners!


e = get, head

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