Notes on PISA and England
England took a different path, retaining a curriculum that set out the core knowledge all children should know. There was also more focus on behaviour, high-stakes assessment, and synthetic phonics for younger children learning to read. All of this was considered by many to be backwards-looking, Gradgrindian, and likely to disengage students.
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The State of Reading around the world
PISA 2025 Results (Volume I) “Future-Ready Students”
