Michigan’s public education system fails to prepare enough students with basic literacy skills. Reading scores on the National Assessment of Educational Progress, also known as the Nation’s Report Card, markedly declined over the last couple decades. The state’s fourth grade reading score now ranks 44th in the nation.[*]
Mississippi’s trajectory looks quite different, as Graphic 1 below demonstrates. The Magnolia State’s performance on the fourth grade reading test landed in ninth place — up from 49th in 2013. Its average reading score increased from 12 points below the national average to five points above it. Michigan’s score dropped from four to five points below the national average over the same period.
All students appear to have benefited from Mississippi’s improvements in literacy. Students from low-income households scored higher in fourth grade reading than similarly situated students in any other state. In fact, Mississippi’s low-income students scored three points better than Michigan’s average score for all students. Michigan’s low-income students scored fifth worst relative to other states.
While Mississippi’s achievement in fourth-grade reading had gradually improved since the NAEP was first administered, its most significant gains occurred after 2013, when the state passed the Literacy-Based Promotion Act. The percentage of the state’s fourth graders who tested at a proficient level or higher increased by 11 percentage points between 2013 and 2024. Conversely, the national average on the reading test decreased by four percentage points during that period.[1] The state’s remarkable success in improving reading achievement since the legislation’s adoption has been dubbed the “Mississippi Miracle.”