Since Texas in 1987 first required students to pass a standardized test before being awarded a high school diploma, half the states have adopted similar requirements, with mostly successful results.
Educators say the tests encourage students to take more rigorous courses and require teachers to work harder. But critics say they deny diplomas to the most disadvantaged students and force teachers to “teach to the test.”
“It really depends on who you ask. … The studies go in both directions,” said Kevin Carey, research and policy manager for Education Sector, a Washington think tank.